Festivals - shadow of the things to come

Let no man judge YOU in eating and drinking or in respect of a festival or of an observance of the new moon or of a sabbath; 17 for those things are a shadow of the things to come, but the reality belongs to the Christ. (Col 2:16-17)

When Jesus made sinless death on Nisan 14 completely fulfilling the requirements of the Law Covenant, the Law Covenant was abolished as bing completed in 33 CE, like a shadow is banished away when the reality arrives.

In the time of the Law Covenant, God dealt with only one nation, Israel, but after the Law Covenant which is like a wall in between separating Israel and Gentiles was taken away, in the time of the reality brought about by Christ, God deals with all the nation, all children of Adam. (Eph 2:11-18)

With the end of the Law Covenant, Israelites who were the failure to keep the covenant, lost their nation state and was destroyed by Roman army in 70 CE. (Lu 13:34-35, 19:41-44)
Since then, the New Covenant by virtue of the sinless blood of Christ has been offered to all the people in the world. (Mt 26:27, Lu 22:20, Joh 1:29, 6:33, Heb 8:7-9)

Since we live in a time of reality brought about by Christ, no one should be judged concerning the shadows written in the Bible that have been fulfilled by Christ and have lost their meaning and been removed.

Nisan 14 (Christ's Memorial meal) - Nisan 15 (Israelites Passover meal)

■ The Passover is an event spread over 2 days for Nisan 14 and Nisan 15.

• On the evening of the 14th of Nisan, the Israelites slaughtered the Passover lamb, splashed its blood on the doorposts, and then ate the roast Passover lamb after sunset, which is at the beginning of the 15th of Nisan.
• Jesus, the lamb of God which takes away sins of the world was died on the torture stake at around 15:00 on Nisan 14. His death was foretold by the Passover victim lamb on Nisan 14.

■ Biblical day begins at around 18:00 sunset, whereas Gregorian Calendar's day begins at 0:00 midnight.

Biblically, after the twilight of the day comes night, which is the beginning of the next day, as it is written in Genesis' accounts. And there came to be evening and there came to be morning, a first day. - Ge 1:5

Biblical day	18:00 - night - 06:00		06:00 - day - 18:00
Gregorian d.	0:00 - 06:00	06:00 - day - 18:00		18:00 - 0:00

Nisan 14 in 33 CE

Nisan 15 is a seasonal sabbath and Holy Convention is held.
Nisan 21 is a seasonal sabbath and Holy Convention is held.

eating unfermented cakes

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Lord's evening meal

Christ's death

Passover meal

Israelites Exodus

night

Christ's resurrection

night

day

night

day

night

day

night

day

night

day

Nisan 14-15 Passover

Nisan 15-21 The Festival of Unfermented Cakes

Le 23:5-8
5 In the first month, on the fourteenth (14th) day of the month, between the two evenings is the passover to YHWH. 6 "'And on the fifteenth (15th) day of this month is the festival of unfermented cakes to YHWH. Seven (7) days YOU should eat unfermented cakes. 7 On the first (1st) day (Nisan 15) YOU will have a holy convention occur. No sort of laborious work may YOU do. 8 But YOU must present an offering made by fire to YHWH seven days. On the seventh (7th) day (Nisan 21) there will be a holy convention. No sort of laborious work may YOU do.'"
cf. Ex 12:1-50, Nu 9:1-5

The Passover lamb slaughtered on Nisan 14 foreshadowed that God's Messiah would accomplish sinless sacrificial death on Nisan 14.

When Jesus established Christ's evening meal on Nisan 14, the Passover victim had not been slaughtered yet. So the Christ's evening meal is not the same as the Passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb held on the beginning of Nisan 15, as the start of the festival of unfermented cakes.

Nisan	The Jewish day begins at sundown.
13	18:00-6:00 night time	6:00-18:00 day time Jesus dispatchs disciples to prepare the passover. (Mt 26:17-19, Mr 14:12-16, Lu 22:1-13), Greeks want to see Jesus. (Joh 12:20-50)
14	18:00-6:00 night time Jesus washes the feet of the disciples in evening meal. (Joh 12:1-11), Lord supper with unfermented bread and vine (Mt 26:20-30, Mr 14:17-26, Lu 22:14-20, Jon 13:1-14:31), Jesus' All-Night Trial by the Jewish Religious Authorities (Mt 26:57-27:10, Mr 14:27-72, Lu 22:39-71 Joh 18:1-27)	6:00-18:00 day time The passover to YHWH (Le 23:5), preparation for the passover, slaughtering lamb, the passover victim (Ex 12:6), splashing blood on the doorpost (Ex 12:21-22), The Lamb of God, the passover victim, Jesus was killed on the torture stake. (Mt 27:11-57, Mr 15:1-47, Lu 23:1-56, Joh 18:28-19:42)
15	18:00-6:00 night time weekly & seasonal double sabbath passover meal (Ex 12:8), eating unfermented cakes and baked lamb, 7 days festival of unfermented cakes begins. (Le 23:6)	6:00-18:00 day time weekly & seasonal double sabbath a holy convention, Israel departs from Rameses (Ex 12:21-42)
16	18:00-6:00 night time	6:00-18:00 day time Jesus' resurrection (Mt 27:62-28:20, Mr 16:1-8, Joh 20:1-21:25), the barley sheaf was offered (Le 23:9-11)

Christ's evening meal on Nisan 14 is not the antitype of the Passover meal on Nisan 15, and was not foreshadowed by it. These are different events in meaning.

What was foreshadowed by the Passover event on Nisan 14 is the sacrificial death of Messiah and forgiveness of sin and inauguration of the new covenant by his sinless blood.

Jesus held the memorial meal of his death, which was about to occur on the same day of Nisan 14, using unleavened bread and wine. Christ's evening meal on Nisan 14 for his disciples is not the same as the Passover meal on Nisan 15 for the natural Israelites in significance.

AD 33 Nisan 14-15 Passover, 15-21 Festival of Unfermented Cakes The new moon (lunar age 1) closest to the vernal equinox is Nisan 1. The weekly Sabbath lines up on the 7th day due to the 7-day cycle of the week.
1st day Sun	2nd day Mon	3rd day Tue	4th day Wed	5th day Thu	6th day Fri	7th day Sat weekly sabbath
March 15	16	17	18	19	20	21 lunar age 1 Nisan 1 new moon weekly sabbath
March 22 lunar age 2 Nisan 2	23 lunar age 3 Nisan 3	24 lunar age 4 Nisan 4	25 lunar age 5 Nisan 5	26 lunar age 6 Nisan 6	27 lunar age 7 Nisan 7	28 lunar age 8 Nisan 8 weekly sabbath
29 lunar age 9 Nisan 9	30 lunar age 10 Nisan 10	31 lunar age 11 Nisan 11	April 1 lunar age 12 Nisan 12	2 lunar age 13 Nisan 13	3 lunar age 14 Nisan 14 full moon	4 lunar age 15 Nisan 15 ws double sabbath
April 5 lunar age 16 Nisan 16	6 lunar age 17 Nisan 17	7 lunar age 18 Nisan 18	8 lunar age 19 Nisan 19	9 lunar age 20 Nisan 20	10 lunar age 21 Nisan 21 seasonal sabbath	11 lunar age 22 Nisan 22 weekly sabbath
April 12 lunar age 23 Nisan 23	13 lunar age 24 Nisan 24	14 lunar age 25 Nisan 25	15 lunar age 26 Nisan 26	16 lunar age 27 Nisan 27	17 lunar age 28 Nisan 28	18 lunar age 29 Nisan 29 weekly sabbath
April 19 lunar age 0 Nisan 30	20 lunar age 1 Iyyar 1 new moon	21 lunar age 2 Iyyar 2	22 lunar age 3 Iyyar 3	23 lunar age 4 Iyyar 4	24 lunar age 5 Iyyar 5	25 lunar age 6 Iyyar 6 weekly sabbath

cf. AD 33 April lunar calendar, Hebrew year 33

	Nisan
	8	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time Arrives at Bethany 6 days before Passover (Mt 26:6-7, Mr 14:3, Joh 12:1)
	9	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time
	10	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time Israelites are to take themselves each one a sheep a house for the passover. (Ex 12:3-6), Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, Jesus comes to Jerusalem sat on an ass. (Mt 21:1-17, Mr 11:1-11 Lu 19:28-44, Joh 12:12-19)
	11	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time Barren fig tree cursed, temple cleansing (Mt 21:18-22, Mr 11:12-25, Lu 19:45-48)
	12	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time Jesus is in Bethany, Jesus reveals he's going to die as a passover victim lamb on Nisan 14, a woman pours costly perfumed oil upon Jesus' head for his burial (Mt 26:1-11, Mr 14:1-9, Joh 12:2-3)
	13	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time Just before the Passover on Nisan 14 and the first day of the unfermented cakes on Nisan 15, Jesus dispatchs disciples to prepare the passover. (Mt 26:17-19, Mr 14:12-16, Lu 22:1-13), Greeks want to see Jesus. (Joh 12:20-50)
	14	18:00-6:00 night time, Jesus washes the feet of the disciples in evening meal. (Joh 12:1-11), Lord supper with unfermented bread and vine (Mt 26:20-30, Mr 14:17-26, Lu 22:14-20, Jon 13:1-14:31), Jesus' All-Night Trial by the Jewish Religious Authorities (Mt 26:57-27:10, Mr 14:27-72, Lu 22:39-71 Joh 18:1-27)
		6:00-18:00 day time, The passover to YHWH (Le 23:5), preparation for the passover, slaughtering lamb, the passover victim (Ex 12:6), splashing blood on the doorpost (Ex 12:21-22), The Lamb of God, the passover victim, Jesus was killed on the torture stake. (Mt 27:11-57, Mr 15:1-47, Lu 23:1-56, Joh 18:28-19:42)
the festival of unfermented cakes (Le 23:6), 7 days of eating unleavened cake (Ex 12:15-20)	15	18:00-6:00 night time, weekly & seasonal double sabbath passover meal (Ex 12:8), eating unfermented cakes and baked lamb, 7 days festival of unfermented cakes begins. (Le 23:6)
		6:00-18:00 day time, weekly & seasonal double sabbath a holy convention, Israel departs from Rameses (Ex 12:21-42, Le 23:7-8)
	16	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time Jesus' resurrection (Mt 27:62-28:20, Mr 16:1-8, Joh 20:1-21:25), the barley sheaf was offered (Le 23:9-11)
	17	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time
	18	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time
	19	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time
	20	18:00-6:00 night time
		6:00-18:00 day time
	21	18:00-6:00 night time, seasonal sabbath
		6:00-18:00 day time, seasonal sabbath a holy convention (Le 23:7-8)

Nisan 14 in 2025

2025 Nisan, 14-15 Passover, 15-21 Festival of Unfermented Cakes The new moon (lunar age 1) closest to the vernal equinox is Nisan 1.
1st day Sun	2nd day Mon	3rd day Tue	4th day Wed	5th day Thu	6th day Fri	7th day Sat weekly sabbath
March 30 lunar age 0.7 Nisan 1 new moon	31 lunar age 1.7 Nisan 2	April 1 lunar age 2.7 Nisan 3	2 lunar age 3.7 Nisan 4	3 lunar age 4.7 Nisan 5	4 lunar age 5.7 Nisan 6	5 lunar age 6.7 Nisan 7 weekly sabbath
April 6 lunar age 7.7 Nisan 8	7 lunar age 8.7 Nisan 10	8 lunar age 9.7 Nisan 9	9 lunar age 10.7 Nisan 11	10 lunar age 11.7 Nisan 12	11 lunar age 12.7 Nisan 13	12 lunar age 13.7 Nisan 14 weekly sabbath
April 13 lunar age 14.7 Nisan 15 full moon seasonal sabbath	14 lunar age 15.7 Nisan 16	15 lunar age 16.7 Nisan 17	16 lunar age 17.7 Nisan 18	17 lunar age 18.7 Nisan 19	18 lunar age 19.7 Nisan 20	19 lunar age 20.7 Nisan 21 ws double sabbath
April 20 lunar age 21.7 Nisan 22	21 lunar age 22.7 Nisan 23	22 lunar age 23.7 Nisan 24	23 lunar age 24.7 Nisan 25	24 lunar age 25.7 Nisan 26	25 lunar age 26.7 Nisan 27	26 lunar age 27.7 Nisan 28 weekly sabbath
April 27 lunar age 28.7 Nisan 29	28 lunar age 0.3 Nisan 30	29 lunar age 1.3 Iyyar 1 new moon	30 lunar age 2.3 Iyyar 2

cf. Moon Phases April 2025, 2025年4月 満月カレンダー

One month is counted by complete cycles of the moon, from one new moon to the next new moon. On the average, such lunation takes about 29 days, 12 hours, and 44 minutes, (29.5 days). So in the Bible, the months are usually counted as of either 29 or 30 days and a month generally means 30 days.

A year of 12 lunar months falls nearly 11 days short of a solar year of 365 1⁄4 days. Since the seasonal cycle is based on the solar cycle year, it is necessary to adjust the lunar calendar to the seasonal cycle. Therefore, a system called lunisolar, or bound solar, years is used, where the months are based on lunar age and the years are based on the solar cycle, and then adjust the 12 lunar years to be aligned with the solar cycle, which is linked to the seasons.

The method is done by adding the missing days every 2-3 years to compensate for the shortness of the 12-month lunar year. cf. ➡ leap year

The lunar age ranges are from 0 to 29. In the phase of lunar age 0, there is no moon and the moon is not visible at all. The phase of lunar age 1 is the first visible thin crescent moon, the biblical new moon.
In case new moon falls on the 1st day of the week, Nisan 14 falls on the 7th day weekly sabbath.

March - April 2025 Lunar age and phases Full moon always falls on Nisan 14-15.
1st day Sun	2nd day Mon	3rd day Tue	4th day Wed	5th day Thu	6th day Fri	7th day Sat sabbath
Maarch 23 lunar age 23.1 Adar 23	24 lunar age 24.1 Adar 24	25 lunar age 25.1 Adar 25	26 lunar age 26.1 Adar 26	27 lunar age 27.1 Adar 27	28 lunar age 28.1 Adar 28	29 lunar age 29.1 Adar 29 invisible weekly sabbath
March 30 lunar age 0.7 Nisan 1 new moon	31 lunar age 1.7 Nisan 2	April 1 lunar age 2.7 Nisan 3	2 lunar age 3.7 Nisan 4	3 lunar age 4.7 Nisan 5	4 lunar age 5.7 Nisan 6	5 lunar age 6.7 Nisan 7 weekly sabbath
6 April lunar age 7.7 Nisan 8	7 lunar age 8.7 Nisan 9	8 lunar age 9.7 Nisan 10	9 lunar age 10.7 Nisan 11	10 lunar age 11.7 Nisan 12	11 lunar age 12.7 Nisan 13	12 lunar age 13.7 Nisan 14 weekly sabbath
April 13 lunar age 14.7 Nisan 15 full moon s. sabbath	14 lunar age 15.7 Nisan 16	15 lunar age 16.7 Nisan 17	16 lunar age 17.7 Nisan 18	17 lunar age 18.7 Nisan 19	18 lunar age 19.7 Nisan 19	20 lunar age 20.7 Nisan 21 w. s. sabbath
April 20 lunar age 21.7 Nisan 22	21 lunar age 22.7 Nisan 23	22 lunar age 23.7 Nisan 24	23 lunar age 24.7 Nisan 25	24 lunar age 25.7 Nisan 26	25 lunar age 26.7 Nisan 27	26 lunar age 27.7 Nisan 28 weekly sabbath
April 27 lunar age 28.7 Nisan 29	28 lunar age 0.3 Nisan 30 invisible	29 lunar age 1.3 Iyyar 1 new moon	30 lunar age 2.3 Iyyar 2

cf. Moon Phases April 2025, 満月カレンダー2025年4月

Each new moon marks the beginning of a lunar month. New moon days are feast and Sabbath-like observances, but they are not Sabbaths. The weekly Sabbath cycle is not interrupted by the new moon day each time the month changes.

Each new moon day does not become the start of a seven-day weekly cycle. Therefore, the first day of the month by new moon does not necessarily become the first day of the week. The start of a new month does not reset the seven-day weekly cycle continuing from the previous month.

Originally, days in a week in Israel were called in number, from the first to the seventh day. From the ancient time, people in the world live in the 7-days week system, pagan nations put their deities' name on each day of the week.
Names of the days of the week

Festivals in ancient Israel

Originally, months in a year in Israel were called in number, from the 1st to the 12th month. (Jos 4:19; Nu 9:11; 2Ch 15:10; Jer 52:6; Nu 33:38; Eze 8:1; Le 16:29; 1Ki 12:32; Ezr 10:9; 2Ki 25:1; De 1:3; Jer 52:31)

Only four months are named prior to the exile in Babylon, namely, Abib, the 1st month (Ex 13:4); Ziv, the 2nd (1Ki 6:37); Ethanim, the 7th (1Ki 8:2); and Bul, the 8th (1Ki 6:38).

Israelites have two calendars, one is from the time of Adam which is secular or agricultural calendar, the other is sacred calendar from the time of Exodus. Both of them are accepted by YHWH.

When the Exodus took place in Abib (spring), God made the month of Abib the first month. However, this did not invalidate the autumn to autumn agricultural calendar that had been in use.

In the sacred calendar, month of Abib (spring) viewed as the 1st month for religious observances, whereas in the secular or agricultural calendar, month of Ethanim (autumn) viewed as the 1st month for year. In each case, what is the 1st month of one calendar becomes the 7th of the other.

After the Babylonian captivity, the apostate Israelites adopted the Babylonian names for the months. Almost all these postexilic names do not appear in the Bible but are found in the Jewish Talmud, the writings of Josephus, and other works.

Israelites 3 primary seasonal Festivals

1. The Festival of Unfermented Cakes (Ex 23:15)
2. The Festival of Weeks or (as called later) Pentecost (Ex 23:16, 34:22)
3. The Festival of Booths (Tabernacles) or Ingathering (Le 23:34-36)

The Law covenant required that all males appear before YHWH every year, during each of the three great annual festivals. (De 16:16)

month	Festivals and agriculture	Fulfillments
1st (sacred) 7th (secular) Abib (Hebrew) Nisan (Babylonian) Mar-Apr (present)	14 Passover 15-21 Festival of Unfermented Cakes 16 Offering of firstfruits (Barley)	Christ's sacrificial death and resurrection
2nd (sacred) 8th (secular) Ziv (Hebrew) Iyyar (Babylonian) Apr-May (present)	Wheat
3rd (sacred) 9th (secular) Sivan (Babylonian) May-Jun (present)	6 Festival of Weeks (Pentecost) 50 days from Nisan 16 Early Figs	Birth of the Christian Congregation Ingathering of the things in the heavens
4th (sacred) 10th (secular) Tammuz (Babylonian) Jun-Jul (present)	First Grapes
5th (sacred) 11th (secular) Ab (Babylonian) Jul-Aug (present)	Summer Fruits
6th (sacred) 12th (secular) Elul (Babylonian) Aug-Sep (present)	Dates, Grapes, Figs
7th (sacred) 1st (secular) Ethanim (Hebrew) Tishri (Babylonian) Sep-Oct (present)	1 Trumpet blast 10 Day of Atonement 15-21 Festival of Booths (Ingathering) Solemn assembly Plowing	Christ's Millennium Great Jubilee begins Ingathering of the things on the earth
8th (sacred) 2nd (secular) Bul (Hebrew) Heshvan (Babylonian) Oct-Nov (present)	Olives
9th (sacred) 3rd (secular) Chislev (Babylonian) Nov-Dec (present)	Flocks Wintered
10th (sacred) 4th (secular) Tebeth (Babylonian) Dec-Jan (present)	Vegetation Developing
11th (sacred) 5th (secular) Shebat (Babylonian) Jan-Feb (present)	Almond Blossoms
12th (sacred) 6th (secular) Adar (Babylonian) Feb-Mar (present)	Citrus
intercalated month 13th (sacred) Veadar (Babylonian) Mar (present)	2nd Adar

Abib, Ziv, Sivan, Ethanim, Bul

month	related events and feature
Abib Mar-Apr	The 1th month of the sacred calendar. The 7th month of the secular calendar. It was designated by YHWH as the initial month of the sacred year at the time of the Exodus from Egypt. (Ex 12:1, 2; 13:4) Following the Babylonian exile this name was replaced by the name Nisan. The new moon closest to the vernal, or spring, equinox of the sun, which comes about March 21 of each year, is the 1st day of the month of Abib (Nisan). The latter, or spring, rains also began and these helped to bring the Jordan River to flood stage. (Jos 3:15) It was during this month that the barley harvest took place, followed some weeks later by the wheat harvest. The first of Nisan's festivals was the Passover, originally celebrated in Egypt; it came on the 14th of the month and included the sacrifice of the paschal lamb. (Ex 12:2-14; Le 23:5; De 16:1) Israelites slaughtered the Passover lamb in the late afternoon of the 14th day, and splashed the blood of the lamb on the doorposts in the twilight time. Then an hour later or so, after sundown, in the beginning of the following 15th, they ate the Passover meal. It begins the week-long Festival of Unfermented Cakes, running from the 15th to the 21st of the month. ■ The Passover lamb foreshadows Christ, the lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world. Jesus was died on a torture stake on Nisan 14. ■ The festival of unfermented cakes represents the leaven-less life of the Christian. 1Co 5:6-8 6 YOUR [cause for] boasting is not fine. Do YOU not know that a little leaven ferments the whole lump? 7 Clear away the old leaven, that YOU may be a new lump, according as YOU are free from ferment. For, indeed, Christ our passover has been sacrificed. 8 Consequently let us keep the festival, not with old leaven, neither with leaven of badness and wickedness, but with unfermented cakes of sincerity and truth. On the 16th came the offering of the firstfruits of the barley harvest. (Ex 12:15-20; 23:15; 34:18; Le 23:6-11) The offering of the firstfruits of the barley harvest foreshadows Christ's resurrection on Nisan 16.
Ziv Apr-May	The 2nd month of the sacred calendar. The 8th month of the secular calendar. It was called Ziv (brightness) because it falls at the time of the year when the earth is 'brightened' with blossoms and flowers." By this month the barley harvest has reached up into the hill country and the wheat harvest is under way in the lowlands. The hills of Galilee are ablaze with flowers. The dry season begins during this month, and the early morning clouds soon disappear in the heat of the day. During this time the plants depend upon the nightly dews that form, and they await the end of the dry season in October. (Ho 6:4; Isa 18:4) It was in the month of Ziv that Solomon began the construction of the temple, and nearly 500 years later in the same month, Zerubbabel initiated the work of rebuilding the temple. (1Ki 6:1; Ezr 3:8)
Sivan May-Jun	The 3nd month of the sacred calendar. The 9th month of the secular calendar. In this month, One of the 3 festivals of the year takes place. On the 6th day of this month, the Festival of Pentecost is observed. Pentecost means "50th day" in Greek. It is also called the Festival of Harvest or Festival of Weeks. (Ex 23:16, 34:22) The Festival of Pentecost was to be celebrated on the 50th day, 7 weeks had passed from Nisan 16, the day that the barley sheaf was offered. (Le 23:15, 16) It was after the barley harvest and the beginning of the harvest of wheat, which ripened later than the barley. (Ex 9:31, 32) The Israelites were not allowed to begin the harvest until the firstfruits of the barley had been presented to YHWH on Nisan 16. On Nisan 16, a sheaf of the firstfruits of the barley harvest was offered. In case of the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, they were offered in the form of two leavened, baked bread on Sivan 6, 50 days after Nisan 16. These foreshadowed Christ's resurrection on Nisan 16, and the birth of the Christian congregation on Sivan 6, the Day of Pentecost. First, the sinless sacrifice of Christ is to be offered on Nisan 16. On that Nisan 16th, Jesus was resurrected, which is tangible evidence of YHWH's approval of Jesus' sinless sacrificial death. Thereafter, the firstfruits of sinful mankind are to be accepted on Sivan 6, 50 days after Nisan 16. The two leavened breads represent two groups of sinners, natural Jews and Gentiles, who believe in Christ. At the Pentecost in 33 CE, 120 of Jesus' disciples gathering in the upper room in Jerusalem were anointed with Holy Spirit. In this manner, the congregation of the sons of the kingdom was born. (Ac 1:13-15) It was early in the 3rd month (Sivan) that the Israelites gathered at Mt. Sinai and received the Law. (Ex 19:1) In this month of Sivan, they entered into the Law Covenant, and a nation was brought forth in one day. Likewise, Christ's disciples entered into the New Covenant on the day of Pentecost in this month. The congregation of the sons of the kingdom bought from the earth as firstfruits of mankind was brought forth in one day, like in the case of Israel formed at Mt. Sinai in this month of Sivan. They are called the firstfruits of mankind, for they are the ones who receive the benefit of the New Covenant first. The Pentecost is the day that a new nation was born in one day, like in the case of the ancient nation of Israel. The sons of the kingdom are called "Israel of God" in Ga 6:16. (Heb 12:18-24, Re 14:1-5, Ga 6:15-16)
Ethanim Sep-Oct	The 7th month of sacred calendar. (1Ki 8:2) The 1st month of the secular calendar. Post Babylonian exile name Tishri, means "Beginning of the Year," and Tishri 1 is still observed by the Jews as their New Year's Day or Rosh Hashanah ("Head of the Year"). The 1st day was the "day of the trumpet blast." (Le 23:24; Nu 29:1) Since each new moon was normally announced with a trumpet blast, this day likely was one of additional or extensive trumpeting. (Nu 10:10) The extensive trumpeting cause us to recall Christ's return. (Mt 24:31, 1Co 15:52, 1Th 4:16) On the 10th of Ethanim the annual Day of Atonement was observed. (Le 16:29, 30; 23:27; Nu 29:7) The Festival of Booths (ingathering) held in Ethanim is said to take place "at the turn of the year", or "at the outgoing of the year". (Ex 23:16; 34:22) With this month, almost all the harvesting had been completed, marking the conclusion of the agricultural year. In this month of Ethanim, year changing happen. The New Year begins with the harvest festival of the previous year. The joyful New Year Festival of ingathering lasts one week, from the 15th to the 21st. Then, on the 22nd day, a solemn assembly is held. (Le 23:34-36) Thus, a large part of the month of Ethanim is taken up by these festivals. This foreshadows ingathering of "the things on the earth" that is those who restore eternal life on earth. (Ep 1:10, Col 1:20) On the 10th day of the month of Ethanim, the Day of Atonement, the Jubilee year, which occurs once every 50 years, began. (Le 25:8-12) The Great Jubilee, Christ's 1000-year reign, seems to begin in the month of Ethanim. It would seem that the ancient use the month called Ethanim as the initial month of the year. So, Adam's start of life seems to be in this month. It was on the first day of the first month (later called Ethanim) that Noah, after having already spent over ten months within the ark, removed the ark's covering and observed that the floodwaters had drained off the ground. (Ge 8:13) Over 1,300 years later, Solomon inaugurated the completed temple at Jerusalem in the month of Ethanim. (1Ki 8:2; 2Ch 5:3) After Jerusalem's destruction in 587 B.C.E., in the month of Ethanim marked the full desolation of Judah. 70 years later, by this very same month, the released Israelite exiles had returned from Babylon to begin the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem. (Ezr 3:1, 6) The evidence also indicates that Jesus' birth, as well as his baptism and anointing, took place during this month.
Bul Oct-Nov	The 8th month of the sacred calendar. The 2nd month of the secular calendar. Bul came at about the start of the rainy season in the autumn. (De 11:14; Joe 2:23; Jas 5:7) It was a month in which the sowing of barley and wheat went on, and in northern Galilee olives were gathered. The shepherds were now bringing their flocks of sheep back in from the open fields to put them under cover during the winter months of cold and rain. According to Genesis 7:11 and 8:14, the Flood of Noah's day began on the 17th day of "the second (2nd) month (Bul)," and by 27the day of the same month in a lunar year, which was a year and ten days later, the earth had dried off. Concerning this, Josephus (Jewish Antiquities, I, 80 [iii, 3]) commented: "This catastrophe happened in the six hundredth (600) year of Noah's rulership, in what was once the second (2nd) month, called by the Macedonians Dius and by the Hebrews Marsuan, according to the arrangement of the calendar which they followed in Egypt." Therefore, according to Josephus, the second (2nd) month in Noah's time corresponded to the month Bul, or Marheshvan. It was during this month that Solomon completed the construction of the temple at Jerusalem. (1Ki 6:38)

ANNUAL FESTIVALS

• Passover, Abib (Nisan) 14, Christ's sinless sacrificial death
• Unfermented Cakes, Abib (Nisan) 15-21, Leaven-free Christian life
• Weeks, or Pentecost, Sivan 6, The New Covenant became effective,
  Birth of the congregation of the sons of the kingdom, the firstfruits of mankind, the Israel of God
• Trumpet Blast, Ethanim (Tishri) 1, Christ's return
• Day of Atonement, Ethanim (Tishri) 10, Beginning of the Jubilee Year, every 50 years, a hint of the start of the Great Jubilee
• Booths (ingathering), Ethanim (Tishri) 15-21, Ingathering of the things on the earth, Millennium Blessing

PERIODIC FESTIVALS

• New Moon
• Weekly Sabbath
• Sabbath year (every 7th year)
• Jubilee year (every 50th year)

scriptural references

The Shadow ended, when the reality arrived
The New Covenant brings about the salvation to the world
Jewish Festivals, Passover, Unfermented Cakes, Pentecost, Booths
Jesus' final ministry at Jerusalem

The Shadow ended, when the reality arrived

Lu 13:34-35
34 Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the killer of the prophets and stoner of those sent forth to her-how often I wanted to gather your children together in the manner that a hen gathers her brood of chicks under her wings, but YOU people did not want [it]! 35 Look! YOUR house is abandoned to YOU.

Lu 19:41-44
41 And when he got nearby, he viewed the city and wept over it, 42 saying: "If you, even you, had discerned in this day the things having to do with peace-but now they have been hid from your eyes. 43 Because the days will come upon you when your enemies will build around you a fortification with pointed stakes and will encircle you and distress you from every side, 44 and they will dash you and your children within you to the ground, and they will not leave a stone upon a stone in you, because you did not discern the time of your being inspected."

Heb 8:7-9
7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, no place would have been sought for a second; 8 for he does find fault with the people when he says: "'Look! There are days coming,' says YHWH, 'and I will conclude with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah a new covenant; 9 not according to the covenant that I made with their forefathers in [the] day of my taking hold of their hand to bring them forth out of the land of Egypt, because they did not continue in my covenant, so that I stopped caring for them,' says YHWH."

---

Col 2:16-17
16 Therefore let no man judge YOU in eating and drinking or in respect of a festival or of an observance of the new moon or of a sabbath; 17 for those things are a shadow of the things to come, but the reality belongs to the Christ.

---

Ro 14:5-9
5 One [man] judges one day as above another; another [man] judges one day as all others; let each [man] be fully convinced in his own mind. 6 He who observes the day observes it to the Lord. Also, he who eats, eats to the Lord, for he gives thanks to God; and he who does not eat does not eat to the Lord, and yet gives thanks to God. 7 None of us, in fact, lives with regard to himself only, and no one dies with regard to himself only; 8 for both if we live, we live to the Lord, and if we die, we die to the Lord. Therefore both if we live and if we die, we belong to the Lord. 9 For to this end Christ died and came to life again, that he might be Lord over both the dead and the living.

The New Covenant brings about the salvation to the world

Mt 26:27-28
27 Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: "Drink out of it, all of YOU; 28 for this means my 'blood of the covenant', which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins.

Lu 22:20
20 Also, the cup in the same way after they had the evening meal, he saying: "This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in YOUR behalf.

Joh 1:29
29 The next day he beheld Jesus coming toward him, and he said: "See, the Lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world!

Joh 6:33
33 For the bread of God is the one who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world."

Eph 2:11-18
11 Therefore keep bearing in mind that formerly YOU were people of the nations as to flesh; "uncircumcision" YOU were called by that which is called "circumcision" made in the flesh with hands- 12 that YOU were at that particular time without Christ, alienated from the state of Israel and strangers to the covenants of the promise, and YOU had no hope and were without God in the world. 13 But now in union with Christ Jesus YOU who were once far off have come to be near by the blood of the Christ. 14 For he is our peace, he who made the two parties one and destroyed the wall in between that fenced them off. 15 By means of his flesh he abolished the enmity, the Law of commandments consisting in decrees, that he might create the two peoples in union with himself into one new man and make peace; 16 and that he might fully reconcile both peoples in one body to God through the torture stake, because he had killed off the enmity by means of himself. 17 And he came and declared the good news of peace to YOU, the ones far off, and peace to those near, 18 because through him we, both peoples, have the approach to the Father by one spirit.

Jewish Festivals, Passover, Unfermented Cakes, Pentecost, Booths

Ex chap 12, 23, 34
Le chap 23, 24, 25
Nu 9:1-5
De chap 16

1 YHWH now said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 2 "This month will be the start of the months for YOU. It will be the first of the months of the year for YOU.

3 Speak to the entire assembly of Israel, saying, 'On the tenth (10th) day of this month they are to take for themselves each one a sheep for the ancestral house, a sheep to a house. 4 But if the household proves to be too small for the sheep, then he and his neighbor close by must take it into his house according to the number of souls; YOU should compute each one proportionate to his eating as regards the sheep. 5 The sheep should prove to be sound, a male, a year old, for YOU. YOU may pick from the young rams or from the goats. 6 And it must continue under safeguard by YOU until the fourteenth (14th) day of this month, and the whole congregation of the assembly of Israel must slaughter it (the lamb) between the two evenings. 7 And they must take some of the blood and splash it upon the two doorposts and the upper part of the doorway belonging to the houses in which they will eat it.

8 "'And they must eat the flesh on this night (on Nisan 15). They should eat it roasted with fire and with unfermented cakes along with bitter greens. 9 Do not eat any of it raw or boiled, cooked in water, but roast with fire, its head together with its shanks and its interior parts. 10 And YOU must not leave any of it over till morning, but what is left over of it till morning YOU should burn with fire. 11 And in this way YOU should eat it, with YOUR hips girded, sandals on YOUR feet and YOUR staff in YOUR hand; and YOU must eat it in haste. It is YHWH's passover. 12 And I must pass through the land of Egypt on this night (on Nisan 15) and strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man to beast; and on all the gods of Egypt I shall execute judgments. I am YHWH. 13 And the blood must serve as YOUR sign upon the houses where YOU are; and I must see the blood and pass over YOU, and the plague will not come on YOU as a ruination when I strike at the land of Egypt.

14 "'And this day must serve as a memorial for YOU, and YOU must celebrate it as a festival to YHWH throughout YOUR generations. As a statute to time indefinite YOU should celebrate it. 15 Seven (7) days YOU are to eat unfermented cakes (on Nisan 15-21). Yes, on the first day YOU are to take away sourdough from YOUR houses, because anyone eating what is leavened, from the first day down to the seventh, that soul must be cut off from Israel. 16 And on the first (1st) day (Nisan 15) there is to take place for YOU a holy convention, and on the seventh (7th) day (Nisan 21) a holy convention. No work is to be done on them. Only what every soul needs to eat, that alone may be done for YOU.

17 "'And YOU must keep the festival of unfermented cakes (on Nisan 15-21), because on this very day I must bring YOUR armies out from the land of Egypt. And YOU must keep this day throughout YOUR generations as a statute to time indefinite. 18 In the first month, on the fourteenth (14th) day of the month, in the evening (on Nisan 15) YOU are to eat unfermented cakes down till the twenty-first (21th) day of the month in the evening. 19 Seven (7) days (Nisan 15-21) no sourdough is to be found in YOUR houses, because anyone tasting what is leavened, whether he is an alien resident or a native of the land, that soul must be cut off from the assembly of Israel. 20 Nothing leavened are YOU to eat. In all YOUR dwellings YOU are to eat unfermented cakes.'"

21 Promptly Moses called all the older men of Israel and said to them: "Draw out and take for yourselves small cattle according to YOUR families, and slaughter the passover victim. 22 And YOU must take a bunch of hyssop and dip it into the blood in a basin and strike upon the upper part of the doorway and upon the two doorposts some of the blood that is in the basin (This took place late afternoon on Nisan 14.); and none of YOU should go out of the entrance of his house until morning (on Nisan 15). 23 Then when YHWH does pass through to plague the Egyptians and does see the blood upon the upper part of the doorway and upon the two doorposts, YHWH will certainly pass over the entrance, and he will not allow the ruination to enter into YOUR houses to plague YOU.

24 "And YOU must keep this thing as a regulation for you and your sons to time indefinite. 25 And it must occur that when YOU come into the land that YHWH will give YOU, just as he has stated, then YOU must keep this service.

26 And it must occur that when YOUR sons say to YOU, 'What does this service mean to YOU?' 27 then YOU must say, 'It is the sacrifice of the passover to YHWH, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when he plagued the Egyptians, but he delivered our houses.'"

Then the people bowed low and prostrated themselves. 28 Subsequently the sons of Israel went and did just as YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron. They did just so.

29 And it came about that at midnight (on Nisan 15) YHWH struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Phar′aoh sitting on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the prison hole, and every firstborn of beast. 30 Then Phar′aoh got up at night, he and all his servants and all [other] Egyptians; and there began arising a great outcry among the Egyptians, because there was not a house where there was not one dead. 31 At once he called Moses and Aaron by night and said: "Get up, get out from the midst of my people, both YOU and the [other] sons of Israel, and go, serve YHWH, just as YOU have stated. 32 Take both YOUR flocks and YOUR herds, just as YOU have stated, and go. Also, YOU must bless me besides."

33 And the Egyptians began to urge the people in order to send them away quickly out of the land, "because," they said, "we are all as good as dead!" 34 Consequently the people carried their flour dough before it was leavened, with their kneading troughs wrapped up in their mantles upon their shoulder.

35 And the sons of Israel did according to the word of Moses in that they went asking from the Egyptians articles of silver and articles of gold and mantles. 36 And YHWH gave the people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, so that these granted them what was asked; and they stripped the Egyptians.

37 And (on Nisan 15) the sons of Israel proceeded to depart from Ram′e‧ses for Suc′coth, to the number of six hundred thousand (600,000) able-bodied men on foot, besides little ones. 38 And a vast mixed company also went up with them, as well as flocks and herds, a very numerous stock of animals. 39 And they began to bake the flour dough that they had brought out from Egypt into round cakes, unfermented cakes, because it had not leavened, for they had been driven out of Egypt and had not been able to linger and too they had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

40 And the dwelling of the sons of Israel, who had dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty (430) years. 41 And it came about at the end of the four hundred and thirty (430) years, it even came about on this very day that all the armies of YHWH went out of the land of Egypt. 42 It is a night (on Nisan 14-15) for observance with regard to YHWH for bringing them out of the land of Egypt. With regard to YHWH this night is one for observance on the part of all the sons of Israel throughout their generations.

43 And YHWH went on to say to Moses and Aaron: "This is the statute of the passover: No foreigner may eat of it. 44 But where there is any slave man purchased with money, you must circumcise him. Then first he may share in eating it. 45 A settler and a hired laborer may not eat of it. 46 In one house it is to be eaten. You must not take any of the flesh out of the house to some place outside. And YOU must not break a bone in it. 47 All the assembly of Israel are to celebrate it. 48 And in case an alien resident resides as an alien with you and he will actually celebrate the passover to YHWH, let there be a circumcising of every male of his. First then he may come near to celebrate it; and he must become like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it. 49 One law is to exist for the native and for the alien resident who is residing as an alien in YOUR midst."

50 So all the sons of Israel did just as YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron. They did just so. 51 And it came about on this very day (Nisan 14-15) that YHWH brought the sons of Israel together with their armies out of the land of Egypt.

1 "You must not take up an untrue report. Do not cooperate with a wicked one by becoming a witness who schemes violence. 2 You must not follow after the crowd for evil ends; and you must not testify over a controversy so as to turn aside with the crowd in order to pervert justice. 3 As for the lowly one, you must not show preference in a controversy of his.

4 "Should you come upon your enemy's bull or his ass going astray, you are to return it without fail to him. 5 Should you see the ass of someone who hates you lying down under its load, then you must refrain from leaving him. With him you are without fail to get it loose.

6 "You are not to pervert the judicial decision of your poor man in his controversy. 7 "You are to keep far from a false word. And do not kill the innocent and the righteous, for I shall not declare the wicked one righteous.

8 "You are not to accept a bribe, for the bribe blinds clear-sighted men and can distort the words of righteous men.

9 "And you must not oppress an alien resident, as YOU yourselves have known the soul of the alien resident, because YOU became alien residents in the land of Egypt.

10 "And for six (6) years you are to sow your land with seed and you must gather its produce. 11 But the seventh year (7th) you are to leave it uncultivated and you must let it lie fallow, and the poor ones of your people must eat of it; and what is left over by them the wild beasts of the field are to eat. That is the way you are to do with your vineyard and your olive grove.

12 "Six (6) days you are to do your work; but on the seventh (7th) day you are to desist, in order that your bull and your ass may rest and the son of your slave girl and the alien resident may refresh themselves.

13 "And YOU are to be on your guard respecting all that I have said to YOU; and YOU must not mention the name of other gods. It should not be heard upon your mouth.

14 "Three (3) times in the year you are to celebrate a festival to me. 15 You will keep the festival of unfermented cakes (on Nisan 15-21). You will eat unfermented cakes seven (7) days, just as I have commanded you, at the appointed time in the month of A′bib, because in it you came out of Egypt. And they must not appear before me empty-handed. 16 Also, the festival of harvest of the first ripe fruits (wheat) of your labors (Pentecost, on Sivan 6), of what you sow in the field; and the festival of ingathering (on Ethanim 15-21) at the outgoing of the year, when you gather in your labors from the field. 17 On three (3) occasions in the year every male of yours will appear before the face of the [true] Lord, YHWH.

18 "You must not sacrifice along with what is leavened the blood of my sacrifice. And the fat of my festival should not stay overnight until morning.

19 "The best of the first ripe fruits of your ground you are to bring to the house of YHWH your God.
"You must not boil a kid in its mother's milk.

20 "Here I am sending an angel ahead of you to keep you on the road and to bring you into the place that I have prepared. 21 Watch yourself because of him and obey his voice. Do not behave rebelliously against him, for he will not pardon YOUR transgression; because my name is within him.

22 However, if you strictly obey his voice and really do all that I shall speak, then I shall certainly be hostile to your enemies and harass those who harass you. 23 For my angel will go ahead of you and will indeed bring you to the Am′or‧ites and the Hit′tites and the Per′iz‧zites and the Ca′naan‧ites, the Hi′vites and the Jeb′u‧sites, and I shall certainly efface them.

24 You must not bow down to their gods or be induced to serve them, and you must not make anything like their works, but you will without fail throw them down and you will without fail break down their sacred pillars.

25 And YOU must serve YHWH YOUR God, and he will certainly bless your bread and your water; and I shall indeed turn malady away from your midst. 26 Neither a woman suffering an abortion nor a barren woman will exist in your land. I shall make the number of your days full.

27 "And I shall send the fright of me ahead of you, and I shall certainly throw into confusion all the people among whom you come, and I shall indeed give the back of the neck of all your enemies to you. 28 And I will send the feeling of dejection ahead of you, and it will simply drive the Hi′vites, the Ca′naan‧ites and the Hit′tites out from before you.

29 I shall not drive them out from before you in one year, that the land may not become a desolate waste and the wild beasts of the field really multiply against you. 30 Little by little I shall drive them out from before you, until you become fruitful and really take possession of the land.

31 "And I will fix your boundary from the Red Sea to the sea of the Phi‧lis′tines and from the wilderness to the River; because I shall give into YOUR hand the inhabitants of the land, and you will certainly drive them out from before yourself. 32 You are not to conclude a covenant with them or their gods. 33 They should not dwell in your land, that they may not cause you to sin against me. In case you should serve their gods, it would become a snare to you."

1 Then YHWH said to Moses: "Carve out for yourself two tablets of stone like the first ones, and I must write upon the tablets the words that appeared on the first tablets, which you shattered. 2 And get ready for the morning, as you must go up in the morning into Mount Si′nai and station yourself by me there on the top of the mountain. 3 But nobody may go up with you and, too, let nobody else be seen in all the mountain. What is more, no flock or herd should be pasturing in front of that mountain."

4 Accordingly Moses carved out two tablets of stone like the first ones and got up early in the morning and went on up into Mount Si′nai, just as YHWH had commanded him, and he was taking the two tablets of stone in his hand.

5 And YHWH proceeded to come down in the cloud and station himself with him there and declare the name of YHWH. 6 And YHWH went passing by before his face and declaring: "YHWH, YHWH, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abundant in loving-kindness and truth, 7 preserving loving-kindness for thousands, pardoning error and transgression and sin, but by no means will he give exemption from punishment, bringing punishment for the error of fathers upon sons and upon grandsons, upon the third generation and upon the fourth generation."

8 Moses at once hurried to bow low to the earth and prostrate himself. 9 Then he said: "If, now, I have found favor in your eyes, O YHWH, let YHWH, please, go along in the midst of us, because it is a stiff-necked people, and you have to forgive our error and our sin, and you must take us as your possession."

10 In turn he said: "Here I am concluding a covenant: Before all your people I shall do wonderful things that have never been created in all the earth or among all the nations; and all the people in the midst of whom you are will indeed see the work of YHWH, because it is a fear-inspiring thing that I am doing with you.

11 "For your part keep what I am commanding you today. Here I am driving out from before you the Am′or‧ites and the Ca′naan‧ites and the Hit′tites and the Per′iz‧zites and the Hi′vites and the Jeb′u‧sites. 12 Watch yourself that you do not conclude a covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you are going, for fear it may prove itself a snare in your midst.

13 But their altars YOU people are to pull down, and their sacred pillars YOU are to shatter, and their sacred poles YOU are to cut down. 14 For you must not prostrate yourself to another god, because YHWH, whose name is Jealous, he is a jealous God; 15 for fear that you may conclude a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, as they will certainly have immoral intercourse with their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and someone will be certain to invite you, and you will certainly eat some of his sacrifice. 16 Then you will have to take some of their daughters for your sons, and their daughters will be certain to have immoral intercourse with their gods and make your sons have immoral intercourse with their gods.

17 "You must not make molten idol gods for yourself.

18 "The festival of unfermented cakes you are to keep. You will eat unfermented cakes, just as I have commanded you, seven (7) days at the appointed time in the month of A′bib, because it was in the month of A′bib that you came out of Egypt.

19 "Everything that first opens the womb is mine, and, as regards all your livestock, the male firstling of bull and of sheep. 20 And the firstling of an ass you are to redeem with a sheep. But if you will not redeem it, then you must break its neck. Every firstborn of your sons you are to redeem. And they must not appear before me empty-handed.

21 "Six (6) days you are to labor, but on the seventh (7) day you will keep sabbath. In plowing time and in harvest you will keep sabbath.

22 "And you will carry on your festival of weeks (Pentecost on Sivan 6) with the first ripe fruits of the wheat harvest, and the festival of ingathering (on Ethanim 15-21) at the turn of the year.

23 "Three (3) times in the year every male of yours is to appear before the [true] Lord, YHWH, the God of Israel.

24 For I shall drive the nations away from before you, and I will make your territory spacious; and nobody will desire your land while you are going up to see the face of YHWH your God three times in the year.

25 "You must not slaughter along with what is leavened the blood of my sacrifice. And the sacrifice of the festival of the passover should not stay overnight until the morning.

26 "The best of the first ripe fruits of your soil you are to bring to the house of YHWH your God.
"You must not boil a kid in its mother's milk."

27 And YHWH went on to say to Moses: "Write down for yourself these words, because it is in accordance with these words that I do conclude a covenant with you and Israel." 28 And he continued there with YHWH forty days and forty nights. He ate no bread and he drank no water. And he proceeded to write upon the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Words.

29 Now it came about when Moses came down from Mount Si′nai that the two tablets of the Testimony were in the hand of Moses when he came down from the mountain, and Moses did not know that the skin of his face emitted rays because of his having spoken with him.

30 When Aaron and all the sons of Israel got to see Moses, why, look! the skin of his face emitted rays and they grew afraid of coming near to him.

31 And Moses proceeded to call them. So Aaron and all the chieftains among the assembly came back to him, and Moses began to speak to them. 32 First after that all the sons of Israel came near to him, and he began commanding them all that YHWH had spoken with him on Mount Si′nai. 33 When Moses would finish speaking with them, he would put a veil over his face. 34 But when Moses would go in before YHWH to speak with him, he would take away the veil until his going out. And he went out and spoke to the sons of Israel what he would be commanded. 35 And the sons of Israel saw Moses' face, that the skin of Moses' face emitted rays; and Moses put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with him.

---

1 And YHWH went on speaking to Moses, saying: 2 "Speak to the sons of Israel, and you must say to them, 'The seasonal festivals of YHWH that YOU should proclaim are holy conventions. These are my seasonal festivals:

3 "'Six days may work be done, but on the seventh day is a sabbath of complete rest, a holy convention. YOU may do no sort of work. It is a sabbath to YHWH in all places where YOU dwell.

4 "'These are the seasonal festivals of YHWH, holy conventions, which YOU should proclaim at their appointed times: 5 In the first (1st) month (Nisan), on the fourteenth (14th) day of the month, between the two evenings is the passover to YHWH.

6 "'And on the fifteenth (15th) day of this month is the festival of unfermented cakes to YHWH. Seven days YOU should eat unfermented cakes. 7 On the first day (on Nisan 15) YOU will have a holy convention occur. No sort of laborious work may YOU do. 8 But YOU must present an offering made by fire to YHWH seven days. On the seventh day (on Nisan 21) there will be a holy convention. No sort of laborious work may YOU do.'"

9 And YHWH continued to speak to Moses, saying: 10 "Speak to the sons of Israel, and you must say to them, 'When YOU eventually come into the land that I am giving YOU, and YOU have reaped its harvest, YOU must also bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of YOUR harvest (barley harvest) to the priest. 11 And he must wave the sheaf to and fro before YHWH to gain approval for YOU. Directly the day after the sabbath (on Nisan 16) the priest should wave it to and fro.

12 And on the day of YOUR having the sheaf waved to and fro YOU must render up a sound young ram, in its first year, for a burnt offering to YHWH; 13 and as its grain offering two tenths of an e′phah of fine flour moistened with oil, as an offering made by fire to YHWH, a restful odor; and as its drink offering a fourth of a hin of wine. 14 And YOU must eat no bread nor roasted grain nor new grain until this very day, until YOUR bringing the offering of YOUR God. It is a statute to time indefinite for YOUR generations in all places where YOU dwell.

15 "'And YOU must count for yourselves from the day after the sabbath (on Nisan 16), from the day of YOUR bringing the sheaf of the wave offering, seven sabbaths. They should prove to be complete. 16 To the day after the seventh sabbath YOU should count, fifty days (Pentecost in the 3rd month, Sivan), and YOU must present a new grain offering (wheat harvest) to YHWH. 17 Out of YOUR dwelling places YOU should bring two loaves as a wave offering. Of two tenths of an e′phah of fine flour they should prove to be. They should be baked leavened, as first ripe fruits to YHWH.

18 And YOU must present along with the loaves seven sound male lambs, each a year old, and one young bull and two rams. They should serve as a burnt offering to YHWH along with their grain offering and their drink offerings as an offering made by fire, of a restful odor to YHWH. 19 And YOU must render up one kid of the goats as a sin offering and two male lambs, each a year old, as a communion sacrifice.

20 And the priest must wave them to and fro along with the loaves of the first ripe fruits, as a wave offering before YHWH, along with the two male lambs. They should serve as something holy to YHWH for the priest.

21 And YOU must make a proclamation on this very day; there will be a holy convention for yourselves. No sort of laborious work may YOU do. It is a statute to time indefinite in all YOUR dwelling places for YOUR generations.

22 "'And when YOU people reap the harvest of YOUR land, you must not do completely the edge of your field when you are reaping, and the gleaning of your harvest you must not pick up. You should leave them for the afflicted one and the alien resident. I am YHWH YOUR God.'"

23 And YHWH went on speaking to Moses, saying: 24 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'In the seventh (7th) month, on the first (1st) of the month (Ethanim), there should occur for YOU a complete rest, a memorial by the trumpet blast, a holy convention. 25 No sort of laborious work may YOU do, and YOU must present an offering made by fire to YHWH.'"

26 And YHWH spoke further to Moses, saying: 27 "However, on the tenth (10th) of this seventh (7th) month (Ethanim) is the day of atonement. A holy convention should take place for YOU, and YOU must afflict YOUR souls and present an offering made by fire to YHWH. 28 And YOU must do no sort of work on this very day, because it is a day of atonement to make atonement for YOU before YHWH YOUR God; 29 because every soul that will not be afflicted on this very day must be cut off from his people. 30 As for any soul that will do any sort of work on this very day, I must destroy that soul from among his people. 31 YOU must do no sort of work. It is a statute to time indefinite for YOUR generations in all places where YOU dwell.

32 It is a sabbath of complete rest for YOU, and YOU must afflict YOUR souls on the ninth (9th) of the month in the evening (on Ethanim 10). From evening to evening (whole day on Ethanim 10) YOU should observe YOUR sabbath."

33 And YHWH continued to speak to Moses, saying: 34 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'On the fifteenth (15th) day of this seventh (7th) month is the festival of booths for seven (7) days to YHWH. 35 On the first (1st) day is a holy convention. No sort of laborious work may YOU do. 36 Seven (7) days YOU should present an offering made by fire to YHWH. On the eighth (8th) day there should occur a holy convention for YOU, and YOU must present an offering made by fire to YHWH. It is a solemn assembly. No sort of laborious work may YOU do.

37 "'These are the seasonal festivals of YHWH that YOU should proclaim as holy conventions, for presenting an offering made by fire to YHWH: the burnt offering and the grain offering of the sacrifice and the drink offerings according to the daily schedule, 38 besides the sabbaths (regular weekly sabbaths) of YHWH and besides YOUR gifts and besides all YOUR vow offerings and besides all YOUR voluntary offerings, which YOU should give to YHWH.

39 However, on the fifteenth (15th) day of the seventh (7th) month, when YOU have gathered the produce of the land, YOU should celebrate the festival of YHWH (booths, ingathering) seven (7) days. On the first (1st) day is a complete rest and on the eighth (8th) day is a complete rest.

40 And YOU must take for yourselves on the first (1st) day the fruit of splendid trees, the fronds of palm trees and the boughs of branchy trees and poplars of the torrent valley, and YOU must rejoice before YHWH YOUR God seven (7) days. 41 And YOU must celebrate it as a festival to YHWH seven (7) days in the year. As a statute to time indefinite during YOUR generations, YOU should celebrate it in the seventh (7th) month (Ethanim). 42 It is in the booths YOU should dwell seven (7) days. All the natives in Israel should dwell in the booths, 43 in order that YOUR generations may know that it was in the booths that I made the sons of Israel to dwell when I was bringing them out of the land of Egypt. I am YHWH YOUR God.'"

44 Accordingly Moses spoke of the seasonal festivals of YHWH to the sons of Israel.

1 And YHWH proceeded to speak to Moses, saying: 2 "Command the sons of Israel that they get for you pure, beaten olive oil for the luminary, to light up the lamp constantly. 3 Outside the curtain of the Testimony in the tent of meeting Aaron should set it in order from evening to morning before YHWH constantly. It is a statute to time indefinite during YOUR generations. 4 Upon the lampstand of pure gold he should set the lamps in order before YHWH constantly.

5 "And you must take fine flour and bake it up into twelve ring-shaped cakes. Two tenths of an e′phah should go to each ring-shaped cake. 6 And you must place them in two sets of layers, six to the layer set, upon the table of pure gold before YHWH. 7 And you must put pure frankincense upon each layer set, and it must serve as the bread for a remembrancer, an offering made by fire to YHWH. 8 On one sabbath day after another he should set it in order before YHWH constantly. It is a covenant to time indefinite with the sons of Israel. 9 And it must become Aaron's and his sons', and they must eat it in a holy place, because it is something most holy for him from YHWH's offerings made by fire, as a regulation to time indefinite."

10 Now a son of an Israelite woman, who, however, was the son of an Egyptian man, went out into the midst of the sons of Israel, and the son of the Israelitess and an Israelite man began to struggle with each other in the camp. 11 And the son of the Israelite woman began to abuse the Name and to call down evil upon it. So they brought him to Moses. Incidentally, his mother's name was She‧lo′mith, the daughter of Dib′ri of the tribe of Dan. 12 Then they committed him into custody till there should be a distinct declaration to them according to the saying of YHWH.

13 And YHWH proceeded to speak to Moses, saying: 14 "Bring forth the one who called down evil to the outside of the camp; and all those who heard him must lay their hands upon his head, and the entire assembly must pelt him [with stones]. 15 And you should speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'In case any man calls down evil upon his God, he must then answer for his sin. 16 So the abuser of YHWH's name should be put to death without fail. The entire assembly should without fail pelt him with stones. The alien resident the same as the native should be put to death for his abusing the Name.

17 "'And in case a man strikes any soul of mankind fatally, he should be put to death without fail. 18 And the fatal striker of the soul of a domestic animal should make compensation for it, soul for soul. 19 And in case a man should cause a defect in his associate, then just as he has done, so it should be done to him. 20 Fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; the same sort of defect he may cause in the man, that is what should be caused in him. 21 And the fatal striker of a beast should make compensation for it, but the fatal striker of a man should be put to death.

22 "'One judicial decision should hold good for YOU. The alien resident should prove to be the same as the native, because I am YHWH YOUR God.'" 23 After that Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, and they brought forth the one who had called down evil to the outside of the camp, and they pelted him with stones. Thus the sons of Israel did just as YHWH had commanded Moses.

1 And YHWH spoke further to Moses in Mount Si′nai, saying: 2 "Speak to the sons of Israel, and you must say to them, 'When YOU eventually come into the land that I am giving YOU, then the land must observe a sabbath to YHWH. 3 Six (6) years you should sow your field with seed, and six years you should prune your vineyard, and you must gather the land's produce. 4 But in the seventh (7th) year there should occur a sabbath of complete rest for the land, a sabbath to YHWH. Your field you must not sow with seed, and your vineyard you must not prune. 5 The growth from spilled kernels of your harvest you must not reap, and the grapes of your unpruned vine you must not gather. There should occur a year of complete rest for the land. 6 And the sabbath of the land must serve YOU people for food, for you and your slave man and your slave girl and your hired laborer and the settler with you, those who are residing as aliens with you, 7 and for your domestic animal and for the wild beast that is in your land. All its produce should serve for eating.

8 "'And you must count for yourself seven sabbaths of years, seven (7) times seven (7) years, and the days of the seven sabbaths of years must amount to forty-nine (49) years for you. 9 And you must cause the horn of loud tone to sound in the seventh (7th) month (Ethanim) on the tenth (10th) of the month; on the day of atonement YOU people should cause the horn to sound in all YOUR land. 10 And YOU must sanctify the fiftieth (50th) year and proclaim liberty in the land to all its inhabitants. It will become a Jubilee for YOU, and YOU must return each one to his possession and YOU should return each one to his family. 11 A Jubilee is what that fiftieth (50th) year will become for YOU. YOU must not sow seed nor reap the land's growth from spilled kernels nor gather the grapes of its unpruned vines. 12 For it is a Jubilee. It should become something holy to YOU. From the field YOU may eat what the land produces.

13 "'In this year of the Jubilee YOU should return each one to his possession. 14 Now in case YOU should sell merchandise to your associate or be buying from your associate's hand, do not YOU wrong one another. 15 By the number of the years after the Jubilee you should buy from your associate; by the number of the years of the crops he should sell to you. 16 In proportion to the great number of years he should increase its purchase value, and in proportion to the fewness of years he should reduce its purchase value, because the number of the crops is what he is selling to you.

17 And YOU must not wrong anyone his associate, and you must be in fear of your God, because I am YHWH YOUR God. 18 So YOU must carry out my statutes and YOU should keep my judicial decisions and YOU must carry them out. Then YOU will certainly dwell on the land in security. 19 And the land will indeed give its fruitage, and YOU will certainly eat to satisfaction and dwell in security on it.

20 "'But in case YOU should say: "What are we going to eat in the seventh year seeing that we may not sow seed or gather our crops?" 21 in that case I shall certainly command my blessing for YOU in the sixth (6th) year, and it must yield its crop for three (3) years. 22 And YOU must sow seed the eighth (8th) year and YOU must eat from the old crop until the ninth (9th) year. Until the coming of its crop YOU will eat the old.

23 "'So the land should not be sold in perpetuity, because the land is mine. For YOU are alien residents and settlers from my standpoint. 24 And in all the land of YOUR possession YOU should grant to the land the right of buying back.

25 "'In case your brother grows poor and has to sell some of his possession, a repurchaser closely related to him must also come and buy back what his brother sold. 26 And in case anyone proves to have no repurchaser and his own hand does make gain and he does find enough for its repurchase, 27 he must also calculate the years from when he sold it and he must return what money remains over to the man to whom he made the sale, and he must return to his possession.

28 "'But if his hand does not find enough to give back to him, what he sold must also continue in the hand of its purchaser until the Jubilee year; and it must go out in the Jubilee, and he must return to his possession.

29 "'Now in case a man should sell a dwelling house in a walled city, his right of repurchase must also continue till the year from the time of his sale finishes out; his right of repurchase should continue a whole year.

30 But if it should not be bought back before the complete year has come to the full for him, the house that is in the city that has a wall must also stand in perpetuity as the property of its purchaser during his generations. It should not go out in the Jubilee.

31 However, the houses of settlements that have no wall about them should be accounted as part of the field of the country. Right of repurchase should continue for it, and in the Jubilee it should go out.

32 "'As for cities of the Levites with the houses of the cities of their possession, the right of repurchase should continue to time indefinite for the Levites. 33 And where property of the Levites is not bought back, the house sold in the city of his possession must also go out in the Jubilee; because the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession in the midst of the sons of Israel. 34 Moreover, the field of pasture ground of their cities may not be sold, because it is a possession to time indefinite for them.

35 "'And in case your brother grows poor and so he is financially weak alongside you, you must also sustain him. As an alien resident and a settler, he must keep alive with you. 36 Do not take interest and usury from him, but you must be in fear of your God; and your brother must keep alive with you. 37 You must not give him your money on interest, and you must not give your food out on usury. 38 I am YHWH YOUR God, who brought YOU out of the land of Egypt to give YOU the land of Ca′naan, to prove myself YOUR God.

39 "'And in case your brother grows poor alongside you and he has to sell himself to you, you must not use him as a worker in slavish service. 40 He should prove to be with you like a hired laborer, like a settler. He should serve with you till the Jubilee year. 41 And he must go out from you, he and his sons with him, and he must return to his family, and he should return to the possession of his forefathers. 42 For they are my slaves whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. They must not sell themselves the way a slave is sold. 43 You must not tread down upon him with tyranny, and you must be in fear of your God.

44 As for your slave man and your slave girl who become yours from the nations that are round about YOU people, from them YOU may buy a slave man and a slave girl. 45 And also from the sons of the settlers who are residing as aliens with YOU, from them YOU may buy, and from their families that are with YOU whom they had born to them in YOUR land; and they must become YOUR possession.

46 And YOU must pass them on as an inheritance to YOUR sons after YOU to inherit as a possession to time indefinite. YOU may use them as workers, but upon YOUR brothers the sons of Israel, you must not tread, the one upon the other, with tyranny.

47 "'But in case the hand of the alien resident or the settler with you becomes wealthy, and your brother has become poor alongside him and must sell himself to the alien resident or the settler with you, or to a member of the family of the alien resident, 48 after he has sold himself, the right of repurchase will continue in his case. One of his brothers may buy him back. 49 Or his uncle or the son of his uncle may buy him back, or any blood relative of his flesh, one of his family, may buy him back.

"'Or if his own hand has become wealthy, he must also buy himself back. 50 And he must reckon with his purchaser from the year he sold himself to him till the Jubilee year, and the money of his sale must correspond with the number of years. The way workdays of a hired laborer are reckoned he should continue with him. 51 If there are yet many years, he should in proportion to them pay his repurchase price over from the money of his purchase.

52 But if only a few remain of the years until the Jubilee year, he must then make a calculation for himself. In proportion to the years of his he should pay over his repurchase price. 53 He should continue with him like a hired laborer from year to year. He may not tread him down with tyranny before your eyes. 54 However, if he cannot buy himself back on these terms, he must then go out in the year of Jubilee, he and his sons with him.

55 "'For to me the sons of Israel are slaves. They are my slaves whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. I am YHWH YOUR God.

---

1 And YHWH proceeded to speak to Moses in the wilderness of Si′nai in the second (2nd) year of their coming out of the land of Egypt, in the first month, saying:

2 "Now the sons of Israel should prepare the passover sacrifice at its appointed time. 3 On the fourteenth (14th) day in this month between the two evenings (Nisan 14-15) YOU should prepare it at its appointed time. According to all its statutes and all its regular procedures YOU should prepare it."

4 So Moses spoke to the sons of Israel to prepare the passover sacrifice. 5 Then they prepared the passover sacrifice in the first month, on the fourteenth (14th) day of the month between the two evenings, in the wilderness of Si′nai. According to all that YHWH had commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel did.

---

1 "Let there be an observing of the month of A′bib, and you must celebrate the passover to YHWH your God, because in the month of A′bib YHWH your God brought you out of Egypt by night. 2 And you must sacrifice the passover to YHWH your God, of the flock and of the herd, in the place that YHWH will choose to have his name reside there.

3 You must eat nothing leavened along with it for seven days. You should eat along with it unfermented cakes, the bread of affliction, because it was in haste that you came out of the land of Egypt, that you may remember the day of your coming out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life.

4 And no sourdough should be seen with you in all your territory seven days, neither should any of the flesh, which you will sacrifice in the evening on the first day, stay all night until the morning.

5 You will not be allowed to sacrifice the passover in any one of your cities that YHWH your God is giving you. 6 But at the place that YHWH your God will choose to have his name reside there, you should sacrifice the passover in the evening as soon as the sun sets, at the appointed time of your coming out of Egypt.

7 And you must do the boiling and the eating in the place that YHWH your God will choose, and in the morning you must turn around and go to your own tents. 8 Six (6) days you should eat unfermented cakes; and on the seventh (7th) day there will be a solemn assembly to YHWH your God. You must do no work.

9 "Seven (7) weeks you should count for yourself. From when the sickle is first put to the standing grain you will start to count seven (7) weeks. 10 Then you must celebrate the festival of weeks (Pentecost) to YHWH your God, according to the voluntary offering of your hand that you will give, just as YHWH your God may bless you. 11 And you must rejoice before YHWH your God, you and your son and your daughter and your man slave and your slave girl and the Levite who is inside your gates and the alien resident and the fatherless boy and the widow, who are in your midst, in the place that YHWH your God will choose to have his name reside there. 12 And you must remember that you became a slave in Egypt, and you must observe and carry out these regulations.

13 "The festival of booths you should celebrate for yourself seven (7) days when you make an ingathering from your threshing floor and your oil and winepress. 14 And you must rejoice during your festival, you and your son and your daughter and your man slave and your slave girl and the Levite and the alien resident and the fatherless boy and the widow, who are inside your gates. 15 Seven (7) days you will celebrate the festival to YHWH your God in the place that YHWH will choose, because YHWH your God will bless you in all your produce and in every deed of your hand, and you must become nothing but joyful.

16 "Three (3) times in the year every male of yours should appear before YHWH your God in the place that he will choose: in the festival of the unfermented cakes and in the festival of weeks and in the festival of booths, and none should appear before YHWH empty-handed. 17 The gift of each one's hand should be in proportion to the blessing of YHWH your God that he has given you.

18 "You should set judges and officers for yourself inside all your gates that YHWH your God is giving you by your tribes, and they must judge the people with righteous judgment. 19 You must not pervert judgment. You must not be partial or accept a bribe, for the bribe blinds the eyes of wise ones and distorts the words of righteous ones. 20 Justice-justice you should pursue, in order that you may keep alive and may indeed take possession of the land that YHWH your God is giving you.

21 "You must not plant for yourself any sort of tree as a sacred pole near the altar of YHWH your God that you will make for yourself. 22 "Neither should you set up for yourself a sacred pillar, a thing YHWH your God hates indeed.

Jesus' final ministry at Jerusalem

Mt chap 26, 27, 28
Mr chap 14, 15, 16
Lu chap 22, 23, 24
Joh chap 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21


1 Now when Jesus had finished all these sayings, he said to his disciples: 2 "YOU know that two days from now (on Nisan 12) the passover (slaughtering passover lamb on Nisan 14) occurs, and the Son of man is to be delivered up to be impaled."

3 Then the chief priests and the older men of the people gathered together in the courtyard of the high priest who was called Ca′ia‧phas, 4 and took counsel together to seize Jesus by crafty device and kill him. 5 However, they kept saying: "Not at the festival (the festival of unfermented cakes on Nisan 15-21, the first day of the festival on Nisan 15 begins with the passover meal eating unfermented cakes and roasted lamb), in order that no uproar may arise among the people."

6 While Jesus happened to be in Beth′a‧ny in the house of Simon the leper, 7 a woman with an alabaster case of costly perfumed oil approached him, and she began pouring it upon his head as he was reclining at the table. (Joh 12:1-3)

8 On seeing this the disciples became indignant and said: "Why this waste? 9 For this could have been sold for a great deal and been given to poor people." 10 Aware of this, Jesus said to them: "Why do YOU try to make trouble for the woman? For she did a fine deed toward me.

11 For YOU always have the poor with YOU, but YOU will not always have me. 12 For when this woman put this perfumed oil upon my body, she did it for the preparation of me for burial. 13 Truly I say to YOU, Wherever this good news is preached in all the world, what this woman did shall also be told as a remembrance of her."

14 Then one of the twelve, the one called Judas Is‧car′i‧ot, went to the chief priests 15 and said: "What will YOU give me to betray him to YOU?" They stipulated to him thirty silver pieces. 16 So from then on he kept seeking a good opportunity to betray him.

17 Now, since it was (just before) the first day of the unfermented cakes (begins with the passover meal on Nisan 15) the disciples came up to Jesus, saying: "Where do you want us to prepare for you to eat the passover (on Nisan 14-15)?" 18 He said: "Go into the city to So-and-so and say to him, The Teacher says, 'My appointed time is near; I will celebrate the passover (on Nisan 14-15) with my disciples at your home.'" 19 And the disciples did as Jesus ordered them, and they got things ready for the passover. (This occurred on Nisan 13)

20 When, now, it had become evening (on Nisan 14), he was reclining at the table with the twelve disciples. 21 While they were eating, he said: "Truly I say to YOU, One of YOU will betray me." 22 Being very much grieved at this, they commenced each and every one to say to him: "Lord, it is not I, is it?"

23 In reply he said: "He that dips his hand with me in the bowl is the one that will betray me. 24 True, the Son of man is going away, just as it is written concerning him (Christ's death was foreshadowed by the festival of Mosaic Law.), but woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been finer for him if that man had not been born."

25 By way of reply Judas, who was about to betray him, said: "It is not I, is it, Rabbi?" He said to him: "You yourself said [it]."

26 As they continued eating, Jesus took a loaf and, after saying a blessing, he broke it and, giving it to the disciples, he said: "TAKE, eat. This means my body."

27 Also, he took a cup and, having given thanks, he gave it to them, saying: "Drink out of it, all of YOU; 28 for this means my 'blood of the covenant,' which is to be poured out in behalf of many for forgiveness of sins. (this is not the passover meal on Nisan 15 the first day of the festival of unfermented cakes)

29 But I tell YOU, I will by no means drink henceforth any of this product of the vine until that day when I drink it new with YOU in the kingdom of my Father."

30 Finally, after singing praises, they went out to the Mount of Olives. (This Lord eveing meal occurred on Nisan 14.)

31 Then Jesus said to them: "All of YOU will be stumbled in connection with me on this night (on Nisan 14), for it is written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered about.' 32 But after I have been raised up (on Nisan 16), I will go ahead of YOU into Gal′i‧lee."

33 But Peter, in answer, said to him: "Although all the others are stumbled in connection with you, never will I be stumbled!"

34 Jesus said to him: "Truly I say to you, On this night (on Nisan 14), before a cock crows, you will disown me three times." 35 Peter said to him: "Even if I should have to die with you, I will by no means disown you." All the other disciples also said the same thing.

36 Then Jesus came with them to the spot called Geth‧sem′a‧ne, and he said to the disciples: "Sit down here while I go over there and pray." 37 And taking along Peter and the two sons of Zeb′e‧dee, he started to be grieved and to be sorely troubled. 38 Then he said to them: "My soul is deeply grieved, even to death. Stay here and keep on the watch with me."

39 And going a little way forward, he fell upon his face, praying and saying: "My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass away from me. Yet, not as I will, but as you will."

40 And he came to the disciples and found them sleeping, and he said to Peter: "Could YOU men not so much as watch one hour with me? 41 Keep on the watch and pray continually, that YOU may not enter into temptation. The spirit, of course, is eager, but the flesh is weak."

42 Again, for the second time, he went off and prayed, saying: "My Father, if it is not possible for this to pass away except I drink it, let your will take place."

43 And he came again and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. 44 So leaving them, he again went off and prayed for the third time, saying once more the same word. 45 Then he came to the disciples and said to them: "At such a time as this YOU are sleeping and taking YOUR rest! Look! The hour has drawn near for the Son of man to be betrayed into the hands of sinners. 46 Get up, let us go. Look! My betrayer has drawn near." 47 And while he was yet speaking, look! Judas, one of the twelve, came and with him a great crowd with swords and clubs from the chief priests and older men of the people.

48 Now his betrayer had given them a sign, saying: "Whoever it is I kiss, this is he; take him into custody." 49 And going straight up to Jesus he said: "Good day, Rabbi!" and kissed him very tenderly.

50 But Jesus said to him: "Fellow, for what purpose are you present?" Then they came forward and laid hands on Jesus and took him into custody.

51 But, look! one of those with Jesus reached out his hand and drew his sword and struck the slave of the high priest and took off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him: "Return your sword to its place, for all those who take the sword will perish by the sword.

53 Or do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father to supply me at this moment more than twelve legions of angels? 54 In that case, how would the Scriptures be fulfilled that it must take place this way?" 55 In that hour Jesus said to the crowds: "Have YOU come out with swords and clubs as against a robber to arrest me? Day after day I used to sit in the temple teaching, and yet YOU did not take me into custody. 56 But all this has taken place for the scriptures of the prophets to be fulfilled." (Jesus, to whom the reality belongs, fulfilled all that was foreshadowed by the Law and the Prophets.) Then all the disciples abandoned him and fled.

57 Those who took Jesus into custody led him away to Ca′ia‧phas the high priest, where the scribes and the older men were gathered together. 58 But Peter kept following him at a good distance, as far as the courtyard of the high priest, and, after going inside, he was sitting with the house attendants to see the outcome.

59 Meantime the chief priests and the entire San′he‧drin were looking for false witness against Jesus in order to put him to death, 60 but they found none, although many false witnesses came forward. Later on two came forward 61 and said: "This man said, 'I am able to throw down the temple of God and build it up in three days.'"

62 With that the high priest stood up and said to him: "Have you no answer? What is it these are testifying against you?" 63 But Jesus kept silent. So the high priest said to him: "By the living God I put you under oath to tell us whether you are the Christ the Son of God!" 64 Jesus said to him: "You yourself said [it]. Yet I say to YOU men, From henceforth YOU will see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of power and coming on the clouds of heaven."

65 Then the high priest ripped his outer garments, saying: "He has blasphemed! What further need do we have of witnesses? See! Now YOU have heard the blasphemy. 66 What is YOUR opinion?" They returned answer: "He is liable to death." 67 Then they spit into his face and hit him with their fists. Others slapped him in the face, 68 saying: "Prophesy to us, you Christ. Who is it that struck you?"

69 Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard; and a servant girl came up to him, saying: "You, too, were with Jesus the Gal‧i‧le′an!" 70 But he denied it before them all, saying: "I do not know what you are talking about." 71 After he had gone out to the gatehouse, another girl noticed him and said to those there: "This man was with Jesus the Naz‧a‧rene′." 72 And again he denied it, with an oath: "I do not know the man!" 73 After a little while those standing around came up and said to Peter: "Certainly you also are one of them, for, in fact, your dialect gives you away." 74 Then he started to curse and swear: "I do not know the man!" And immediately a cock crowed. 75 And Peter called to mind the saying Jesus spoke, namely: "Before a cock crows, you will disown me three times." And he went outside and wept bitterly. (This happend at dawn on Nisan 14)

1 When it had become morning (at dawn on Nisan 14, Mr 15:1), all the chief priests and the older men of the people held a consultation against Jesus so as to put him to death. 2 And, after binding him, they led him off and handed him over to Pilate the governor.

3 Then Judas, who betrayed him, seeing he had been condemned, felt remorse and turned the thirty silver pieces back to the chief priests and older men, 4 saying: "I sinned when I betrayed righteous blood." They said: "What is that to us? You must see to that!" 5 So he threw the silver pieces into the temple and withdrew, and went off and hanged himself. 6 But the chief priests took the silver pieces and said: "It is not lawful to drop them into the sacred treasury, because they are the price of blood." 7 After consulting together, they bought with them the potter's field to bury strangers. 8 Therefore that field has been called "Field of Blood" to this very day. 9 Then what was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled, saying: "And they took the thirty silver pieces, the price upon the man that was priced, the one on whom some of the sons of Israel set a price, 10 and they gave them for the potter's field, according to what YHWH had commanded me."

11 Jesus now stood before the governor (at around 6:00 am on Nisan 14, Mr 15:1); and the governor put the question to him: "Are you the king of the Jews?" Jesus replied: "You yourself say [it]." 12 But, while he was being accused by the chief priests and older men, he made no answer. 13 Then Pilate said to him: "Do you not hear how many things they are testifying against you?" 14 Yet he did not answer him, no, not a word, so that the governor wondered very much.

15 Now from festival to festival it was the custom of the governor to release a prisoner to the crowd, the one they wanted. 16 Just at that time they were holding a notorious prisoner called Bar‧ab′bas. 17 Hence when they were gathered together Pilate said to them: "Which one do YOU want me to release to YOU, Bar‧ab′bas or Jesus the so-called Christ?" 18 For he was aware that out of envy they had handed him over.

19 Moreover, while he was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent out to him, saying: "Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I suffered a lot today in a dream because of him." 20 But the chief priests and the older men persuaded the crowds to ask for Bar‧ab′bas, but to have Jesus destroyed.

21 Now in responding the governor said to them: "Which of the two do YOU want me to release to YOU?" They said: "Bar‧ab′bas." 22 Pilate said to them: "What, then, shall I do with Jesus the so-called Christ?" They all said: "Let him be impaled!" 23 He said: "Why, what bad thing did he do?" Still they kept crying out all the more: "Let him be impaled!"

24 Seeing that it did no good but, rather, an uproar was arising, Pilate took water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying: "I am innocent of the blood of this [man]. YOU yourselves must see to it." 25 At that all the people said in answer: "His blood come upon us and upon our children."

26 Then he released Bar‧ab′bas to them, but he had Jesus whipped and handed him over to be impaled.

27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the governor's palace and gathered the whole body of troops together to him. 28 And disrobing him, they draped him with a scarlet cloak, 29 and they braided a crown out of thorns and put it on his head and a reed in his right hand. And, kneeling before him, they made fun of him, saying: "Good day, you King of the Jews!" 30 And they spit upon him and took the reed and began hitting him upon his head. 31 Finally, when they had made fun of him, they took the cloak off and put his outer garments upon him and led him off for impaling.

32 As they were going out they found a native of Cy‧re′ne named Simon. This man they impressed into service to lift up his torture stake. 33 And when they came to a place called Gol′go‧tha, that is to say, Skull Place, 34 they gave him wine mixed with gall to drink; but, after tasting it, he refused to drink. 35 When they had impaled him (at 9:00 am on Nisan 14, Mr 15:25) they distributed his outer garments by casting lots, 36 and, as they sat, they watched over him there. 37 Also, they posted above his head the charge against him, in writing: "This is Jesus the King of the Jews."

38 Then two robbers were impaled with him, one on his right and one on his left. 39 So the passersby began speaking abusively of him, wagging their heads 40 and saying: "O you would-be thrower-down of the temple and builder of it in three days, save yourself! If you are a son of God, come down off the torture stake!"

41 In like manner also the chief priests with the scribes and older men began making fun of him and saying: 42 "Others he saved; himself he cannot save! He is King of Israel; let him now come down off the torture stake and we will believe on him. 43 He has put his trust in God; let Him now rescue him if He wants him, for he said, 'I am God's Son.'"

44 In the same way even the robbers that were impaled together with him began reproaching him.

45 From the sixth hour (12:00 noon) on a darkness fell over all the land, until the ninth hour (15:00 pm). 46 About the ninth hour (15:00 pm) Jesus called out with a loud voice, saying: "E′li, E′li, la′ma sa‧bach‧tha′ni?" that is, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" 47 At hearing this, some of those standing there began to say: "This man is calling E‧li′jah."

48 And immediately one of them ran and took a sponge and soaked it with sour wine and put it on a reed and went giving him a drink. 49 But the rest of them said: "Let him be! Let us see whether E‧li′jah comes to save him."

[[Another man took a spear and pierced his side, and blood and water came out.]]

50 Again Jesus cried out with a loud voice, and yielded up [his] spirit.

51 And, look! the curtain of the sanctuary was rent in two, from top to bottom, and the earth quaked, and the rock-masses were split. 52 And the memorial tombs were opened and many bodies of the holy ones that had fallen asleep were raised up, 53 (and persons, coming out from among the memorial tombs after his being raised up, entered into the holy city,) and they became visible to many people. 54 But the army officer and those with him watching over Jesus, when they saw the earthquake and the things happening, grew very much afraid, saying: "Certainly this was God's Son."

55 Moreover, many women were there viewing from a distance, who had accompanied Jesus from Gal′i‧lee to minister to him; 56 among whom was Mary Mag′da‧lene, also Mary the mother of James and Jo′ses, and the mother of the sons of Zeb′e‧dee.

57 Now as it was late in the afternoon (on Nisan 14), there came a rich man of Ar‧i‧ma‧the′a, named Joseph, who had also himself become a disciple of Jesus. 58 This man went up to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded it to be given over. 59 And Joseph took the body, wrapped it up in clean fine linen, 60 and laid it in his new memorial tomb, which he had quarried in the rock-mass. And, after rolling a big stone to the door of the memorial tomb, he left. 61 But Mary Mag′da‧lene and the other Mary continued there, sitting before the grave.

62 The next day (day time on Nisan 15), which was after the Preparation (slaughtering passover lamb on Nisan 14), the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered together before Pilate, 63 saying: "Sir, we have called to mind that that impostor said while yet alive, 'After three days I am to be raised up.' 64 Therefore command the grave to be made secure until the third day (Nisan 16), that his disciples may never come and steal him and say to the people, 'He was raised up from the dead!' and this last imposture will be worse than the first." 65 Pilate said to them: "YOU have a guard. Go make it as secure as YOU know how." 66 So they went and made the grave secure by sealing the stone and having the guard.

https://commentaries.2001translation.org/Passover

1 After the sabbath (the first day of the festival of the unfermented cakes on Nisan 15), when it was growing light on the first day of the week (on Nisan 16), Mary Mag′da‧lene and the other Mary came to view the grave.

2 And, notice! a great earthquake had taken place; for YHWH's angel had descended from heaven and approached and rolled away the stone, and was sitting on it. 3 His outward appearance was as lightning, and his clothing as white as snow. 4 Yes, for fear of him the watchmen trembled and became as dead men.

5 But the angel in answer said to the women: "Do not YOU be fearful, for I know YOU are looking for Jesus who was impaled. 6 He is not here, for he was raised up, as he said. Come, see the place where he was lying. 7 And go quickly and tell his disciples that he was raised up from the dead, and, look! he is going ahead of YOU into Gal′i‧lee; there YOU will see him. Look! I have told YOU."

8 So, quickly leaving the memorial tomb, with fear and great joy, they ran to report to his disciples. 9 And, look! Jesus met them and said: "Good day!" They approached and caught him by his feet and did obeisance to him. 10 Then Jesus said to them: "Have no fear! Go, report to my brothers, that they may go off into Gal′i‧lee; and there they will see me."

11 While they were on their way, look! some of the guard went into the city and reported to the chief priests all the things that had happened. 12 And after these had gathered together with the older men and taken counsel, they gave a sufficient number of silver pieces to the soldiers 13 and said: "Say, 'His disciples came in the night and stole him while we were sleeping.' 14 And if this gets to the governor's ears, we will persuade [him] and will set YOU free from worry." 15 So they took the silver pieces and did as they were instructed; and this saying has been spread abroad among the Jews up to this very day.

16 However, the eleven disciples went into Gal′i‧lee to the mountain where Jesus had arranged for them, 17 and when they saw him they did obeisance, but some doubted. 18 And Jesus approached and spoke to them, saying: "All authority has been given me in heaven and on the earth. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of people of all the nations (Since the New Covenant by Christ's sinless death became effective, God has been dealing with people of all nations.), baptizing them in my name, 20 teaching them to observe all the things I have commanded YOU. And, look! I am with YOU all the days until the conclusion of the system of things."

---

1 Now the passover (slaughtering passover lamb on Nisan 14) and the [festival of] unfermented cakes (on Nisan 15-21, the first day of the festival on Nisan 15 begins with the passover meal eating unfermented cakes and roasted lamb) was two days later. And the chief priests and the scribes were seeking how to seize him by crafty device and kill him; 2 for they repeatedly said: "Not at the festival (the festival of unfermented cakes on Nisan 15-21); perhaps there might be an uproar of the people."

3 And while he was at Beth′a‧ny in the house of Simon the leper, as he was reclining at the meal, a woman came with an alabaster case of perfumed oil, genuine nard, very expensive. Breaking open the alabaster case she began to pour it upon his head.

4 At this there were some expressing indignation among themselves: "Why has this waste of the perfumed oil taken place? 5 For this perfumed oil could have been sold for upward of three hundred de‧nar′i‧i and been given to the poor!" And they were feeling great displeasure at her.

6 But Jesus said: "Let her alone. Why do YOU try to make trouble for her? She did a fine deed toward me. 7 For YOU always have the poor with YOU, and whenever YOU want to YOU can always do them good, but me YOU do not have always. 8 She did what she could; she undertook beforehand to put perfumed oil on my body in view of the burial. 9 Truly I say to YOU, Wherever the good news is preached in all the world, what this woman did shall also be told as a remembrance of her."

10 And Judas Is‧car′i‧ot, one of the twelve, went off to the chief priests in order to betray him to them. 11 When they heard it, they rejoiced and promised to give him silver money. So he began seeking how to betray him conveniently.

12 Now it was just before the first day of unfermented cakes (begins with the passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb on Nisan 15), when they customarily sacrificed the passover [victim] (toward evening on Nisan 14), his disciples said to him: "Where do you want us to go and prepare for you to eat the passover?" 13 With that he sent forth two of his disciples and said to them: "Go into the city, and a man carrying an earthenware vessel of water will encounter YOU. Follow him, 14 and wherever he goes inside say to the householder, 'The Teacher says: "Where is the guest room for me where I may eat the passover (this is not the passover meal on Nisan 15 the first day of the festival of unfermented cakes) with my disciples?"' 15 And he will show YOU a large upper room, furnished in preparation; and there prepare for us." 16 So the disciples went out, and they entered the city and found it just as he said to them; and they prepared for the passover. (This occurred on Nisan 13)

17 After evening had fallen (on Nisan 14) he came with the twelve. 18 And as they were reclining at the table and eating, Jesus said: "Truly I say to YOU, One of YOU, who is eating with me, will betray me." 19 They started to be grieved and to say to him one by one: "It is not I, is it?" 20 He said to them: "It is one of the twelve, who is dipping with me into the common bowl. 21 True, the Son of man is going away, just as it is written concerning him (Christ's death was foreshadowed by the festival of Mosaic Law.), but woe to that man through whom the Son of man is betrayed! It would have been finer for that man if he had not been born."

22 And as they continued eating, he took a loaf, said a blessing, broke it and gave it to them, and said: "Take it, this means my body." 23 And taking a cup, he offered thanks and gave it to them, and they all drank out of it. 24 And he said to them: "This means my 'blood of the covenant,' which is to be poured out in behalf of many. 25 Truly I say to YOU, I shall by no means drink anymore of the product of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God." 26 Finally, after singing praises, they went out to the Mount of Olives. (This Lord eveing meal occurred on Nisan 14)

27 And Jesus said to them: "YOU will all be stumbled, because it is written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered about.' 28 But after I have been raised up I will go ahead of YOU into Gal′i‧lee." 29 But Peter said to him: "Even if all the others are stumbled, yet I will not be." 30 At that Jesus said to him: "Truly I say to you, You today, yes, this night (on Nisan 14), before a cock crows twice, even you will disown me three times." 31 But he began to say profusely: "If I have to die with you, I will by no means disown you." Also, all the others began saying the same thing.

32 So they came to a spot named Geth‧sem′a‧ne, and he said to his disciples: "Sit down here while I pray." 33 And he took Peter and James and John along with him, and he started to be stunned and to be sorely troubled.

34 And he said to them: "My soul is deeply grieved, even to death. Stay here and keep on the watch." 35 And going a little way forward he proceeded to fall on the ground and began praying that, if it were possible, the hour might pass away from him.

36 And he went on to say: "Abba, Father, all things are possible to you; remove this cup from me. Yet not what I want, but what you want."

37 And he came and found them sleeping, and he said to Peter: "Simon, are you sleeping? Did you not have strength to keep on the watch one hour? 38 Men, keep on the watch and praying, in order that YOU do not come into temptation. The spirit, of course, is eager, but the flesh is weak."

39 And he went away again and prayed, saying the same word. 40 And again he came and found them sleeping, for their eyes were weighed down, and so they did not know what to answer him. 41 And he came the third time and said to them: "At such a time as this YOU are sleeping and taking YOUR rest! It is enough! The hour has come! Look! The Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 42 Get up, let us go. Look! My betrayer has drawn near."

43 And immediately, while he was yet speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, arrived and with him a crowd with swords and clubs from the chief priests and the scribes and the older men. 44 Now his betrayer had given them an agreed sign, saying: "Whoever it is I kiss, this is he; take him into custody and lead him away safely."

45 And he came straight up and approached him and said: "Rabbi!" and kissed him very tenderly. 46 So they laid their hands upon him and took him into custody.

47 However, a certain one of those standing by drew his sword and struck the slave of the high priest and took his ear off. 48 But in response Jesus said to them: "Did YOU come out with swords and clubs as against a robber to arrest me? 49 Day after day I was with YOU in the temple teaching, and yet YOU did not take me into custody. Nevertheless, it is in order that the Scriptures may be fulfilled." (Jesus fulfilled all the things foreshadowed by the Law and the prophets.)

50 And they all abandoned him and fled. 51 But a certain young man wearing a fine linen garment over his naked body began to follow him nearby; and they tried to seize him, 52 but he left his linen garment behind and got away naked.

53 They now led Jesus away to the high priest, and all the chief priests and the older men and the scribes assembled. 54 But Peter, from a good distance, followed him as far as in the courtyard of the high priest; and he was sitting together with the house attendants and warming himself before a bright fire.

55 Meantime the chief priests and the whole San′he‧drin were looking for testimony against Jesus to put him to death, but they were not finding any. 56 Many, indeed, were giving false witness against him, but their testimonies were not in agreement. 57 Also, certain ones were rising and bearing false witness against him, saying: 58 "We heard him say, 'I will throw down this temple that was made with hands and in three days I will build another not made with hands.'" 59 But neither on these grounds was their testimony in agreement.

60 Finally the high priest rose in their midst and questioned Jesus, saying: "Do you say nothing in reply? What is it these are testifying against you?" 61 But he kept silent and made no reply at all. Again the high priest began to question him and said to him: "Are you the Christ the Son of the Blessed One?" 62 Then Jesus said: "I am; and YOU persons will see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of power and coming with the clouds of heaven."

63 At this the high priest ripped his inner garments and said: "What further need do we have of witnesses? 64 YOU heard the blasphemy. What is evident to YOU?" They all condemned him to be liable to death. 65 And some started to spit on him and to cover his whole face and hit him with their fists and say to him: "Prophesy!" And, slapping him in the face, the court attendants took him.

66 Now while Peter was below in the courtyard, one of the servant girls of the high priest came, 67 and, seeing Peter warming himself, she looked straight at him and said: "You, too, were with the Naz‧a‧rene′, this Jesus." 68 But he denied it, saying: "Neither do I know him nor do I understand what you are saying," and he went outside to the vestibule. 69 There the servant girl, at the sight of him, started again to say to those standing by: "This is one of them." 70 Again he was denying it. And once more after a little while those standing by began saying to Peter: "Certainly you are one of them, for, in fact, you are a Gal‧i‧le′an." 71 But he commenced to curse and swear: "I do not know this man of whom YOU speak." 72 And immediately a cock crowed a second time; and Peter recalled the saying that Jesus spoke to him: "Before a cock crows twice, you will disown me three times." And he broke down and gave way to weeping. (This happend at dawn on Nisan 14)

1 And immediately at dawn (on Nisan 14) the chief priests with the older men and the scribes, even the whole San′he‧drin, conducted a consultation, and they bound Jesus and led him off and handed him over to Pilate. 2 So Pilate put the question to him: "Are you the king of the Jews?" In answer to him he said: "You yourself say [it]." 3 But the chief priests proceeded to accuse him of many things. 4 Now Pilate began questioning him again, saying: "Have you no reply to make? See how many charges they are bringing against you." 5 But Jesus made no further answer, so that Pilate began to marvel.

6 Well, from festival to festival he used to release to them one prisoner, whom they petitioned for. 7 At the time there was the so-called Bar‧ab′bas in bonds with the seditionists, who in their sedition had committed murder. 8 So the crowd came on up and started to make petition according to what he used to do for them. 9 Pilate responded to them, saying: "Do YOU want me to release to YOU the king of the Jews?" 10 For he was aware that because of envy the chief priests had handed him over.

11 But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have him release Bar‧ab′bas to them, instead. 12 Again in reply Pilate was saying to them: "What, then, shall I do with him whom YOU call the king of the Jews?" 13 Once more they cried out: "Impale him!" 14 But Pilate went on to say to them: "Why, what bad thing did he do?" Still they cried out all the more: "Impale him!" 15 At that Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released Bar‧ab′bas to them, and, after having Jesus whipped, he handed him over to be impaled.

16 The soldiers now led him off into the courtyard, that is, into the governor's palace; and they called the whole body of troops together, 17 and they decked him with purple and braided a crown of thorns and put it on him. 18 And they started greeting him: "Good day, you King of the Jews!" 19 Also, they would hit him on the head with a reed and spit upon him and, bending their knees, they would do obeisance to him. 20 Finally, when they had made fun of him, they stripped him of the purple and put his outer garments upon him. And they led him out to impale him.

21 Also, they impressed into service a passerby, a certain Simon of Cy‧re′ne, coming from the country, the father of Alexander and Ru′fus, that he should lift up his torture stake.

22 So they brought him to the place Gol′go‧tha, which means, when translated, Skull Place. 23 Here they tried to give him wine drugged with myrrh, but he would not take it.

24 And they impaled him and distributed his outer garments by casting the lot over them as to who takes what. 25 It was now the third hour (9:00 am), and they impaled him.

26 And the inscription of the charge against him was written above, "The King of the Jews." 27 Moreover, they impaled two robbers with him, one on his right and one on his left. 28 -- 29 And those going by would speak abusively to him, wagging their heads and saying: "Bah! You would-be thrower-down of the temple and builder of it in three days' time, 30 save yourself by coming down off the torture stake." 31 In like manner also the chief priests were making fun among themselves with the scribes and saying: "Others he saved; himself he cannot save! 32 Let the Christ the King of Israel now come down off the torture stake, that we may see and believe." Even those impaled together with him were reproaching him.

33 When it became the sixth hour (12:00 noon) a darkness fell over the whole land until the ninth hour (15:00 pm).

34 And at the ninth hour (15:00 pm) Jesus called out with a loud voice: "E′li, E′li, la′ma sa‧bach‧tha′ni?" which means, when translated: "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"

35 And some of those standing near, on hearing it, began to say: "See! He is calling E‧li′jah." 36 But a certain one ran, soaked a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and began giving him a drink, saying: "LET [him] be! Let us see whether E‧li′jah comes to take him down."

37 But Jesus let out a loud cry and expired.

38 And the curtain of the sanctuary was rent in two from top to bottom. 39 Now, when the army officer that was standing by with him in view saw he had expired under these circumstances, he said: "Certainly this man was God's Son."

40 There were also women viewing from a distance, among them Mary Mag′da‧lene as well as Mary the mother of James the Less and of Jo′ses, and Sa‧lo′me, 41 who used to accompany him and minister to him when he was in Gal′i‧lee, and many other women who had come up together with him to Jerusalem.

42 Now as it was already late in the afternoon (on Nisan 14), and since it was Preparation (slaughtering lamb on Nisan 14), that is, the day before the sabbath (the first day of the festival of the unfermented cakes on Nisan 15 beginning with the Passover meal), 43 there came Joseph of Ar‧i‧ma‧the′a, a reputable member of the Council, who also himself was waiting for the kingdom of God. He took courage to go in before Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 44 But Pilate wondered whether he was already dead, and, summoning the army officer, he asked him whether he had already died. 45 So after making certain from the army officer, he granted the corpse to Joseph. 46 Accordingly he bought fine linen and took him down, wrapped him in the fine linen and laid him in a tomb which was quarried out of a rock-mass; and he rolled a stone up to the door of the memorial tomb. 47 But Mary Mag′da‧lene and Mary the mother of Jo′ses continued looking at where he had been laid.

1 So when the sabbath (on Nisan 15) had passed, Mary Mag′da‧lene, and Mary the mother of James, and Sa‧lo′me bought spices in order to come and grease him. 2 And very early on the first day of the week (on Nisan 16) they came to the memorial tomb, when the sun had risen. 3 And they were saying one to another: "Who will roll the stone away from the door of the memorial tomb for us?"

4 But when they looked up, they beheld that the stone had been rolled away, although it was very large. 5 When they entered into the memorial tomb, they saw a young man sitting on the right side clothed in a white robe, and they were stunned.

6 He said to them: "Stop being stunned. YOU are looking for Jesus the Naz‧a‧rene′, who was impaled. He was raised up, he is not here. See! The place where they laid him. 7 But go, tell his disciples and Peter, 'He is going ahead of YOU into Gal′i‧lee; there YOU will see him, just as he told YOU.'" 8 So when they came out they fled from the memorial tomb, for trembling and strong emotion were gripping them. And they told nobody anything, for they were in fear.

---

1 Now the festival of the unfermented cakes (begins on Nisan 15 with the Passover meal of unleavened cakes and roasted lamb and continues until Nisan 21), the so-called Passover (slaughtering passover lamb on Nisan 14), was getting near. 2 Also, the chief priests and the scribes were seeking the effective way for them to get rid of him, for they were in fear of the people. 3 But Satan entered into Judas, the one called Is‧car′i‧ot, who was numbered among the twelve; 4 and he went off and talked with the chief priests and [temple] captains about the effective way to betray him to them. 5 Well, they rejoiced and agreed to give him silver money. 6 So he consented, and he began to seek a good opportunity to betray him to them without a crowd around.

7 The day of the unfermented cakes (Naisan 14-15) now arrived, on which the passover [victim] must be sacrificed (toward evening on Nisan 14); 8 and he dispatched Peter and John, saying: "Go and get the passover ready for us to eat." 9 They said to him: "Where do you want us to get [it] ready?" 10 He said to them: "Look! When YOU enter into the city a man carrying an earthenware vessel of water will meet YOU. Follow him into the house into which he enters. 11 And YOU must say to the landlord of the house, 'The Teacher says to you: "Where is the guest room in which I may eat the passover with my disciples?"' 12 And that [man] will show YOU a large upper room furnished. Get [it] ready there." 13 So they departed and found it just as he had said to them, and they got the passover ready. (This occurred on Nisan 13)

14 At length when the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him. 15 And he said to them: "I have greatly desired to eat this passover (this is not the passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb on Nisan 15, the first day of the festival of unfermented cakes) with YOU before I suffer; 16 for I tell YOU, I will not eat it again until it becomes fulfilled in the kingdom of God." 17 And, accepting a cup, he gave thanks and said: "Take this and pass it from one to the other among yourselves; 18 for I tell YOU, From now on I will not drink again from the product of the vine until the kingdom of God arrives."

19 Also, he took a loaf, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them, saying: "This means my body which is to be given in YOUR behalf. Keep doing this in remembrance of me." 20 Also, the cup in the same way after they had the evening meal, he saying: "This cup means the new covenant by virtue of my blood, which is to be poured out in YOUR behalf. (This Lord eveing meal occurred on Nisan 14)

21 "But, look! the hand of my betrayer is with me at the table. 22 Because the Son of man is going his way according to what is marked out (Christ's death was foreshadowed by the festival of Mosaic Law.); all the same, woe to that man through whom he is betrayed!" 23 So they started to discuss among themselves the question of which of them would really be the one that was about to do this.

24 However, there also arose a heated dispute among them over which one of them seemed to be greatest.

25 But he said to them: "The kings of the nations lord it over them, and those having authority over them are called Benefactors. 26 YOU, though, are not to be that way. But let him that is the greatest among YOU become as the youngest, and the one acting as chief as the one ministering. 27 For which one is greater, the one reclining at the table or the one ministering? Is it not the one reclining at the table? But I am in YOUR midst as the one ministering.

28 "However, YOU are the ones that have stuck with me in my trials; 29 I’m giving this promise for the kingdom to you as my Father has given the promise to me, 30 that YOU may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones to judge the twelve tribes of Israel.

31 "Simon, Simon, look! Satan has demanded to have YOU men to sift YOU as wheat. 32 But I have made supplication for you that your faith may not give out; and you, when once you have returned, strengthen your brothers."

33 Then he said to him: "Lord, I am ready to go with you both into prison and into death." 34 But he said: "I tell you, Peter, A cock will not crow today until you have three times denied knowing me."

35 He also said to them: "When I sent YOU forth without purse and food pouch and sandals, YOU did not want for anything, did YOU?" They said: "No!" 36 Then he said to them: "But now let the one that has a purse take it up, likewise also a food pouch; and let the one having no sword sell his outer garment and buy one.

37 For I tell YOU that this which is written must be accomplished in me (Jesus accomplished all the things destined in the Law and the prophecies for him to do.), namely, 'And he was reckoned with lawless ones.' For that which concerns me is having an accomplishment." 38 Then they said: "Lord, look! here are two swords." He said to them: "It is enough."

39 On going out he went as customarily to the Mount of Olives; and the disciples also followed him. 40 Having come to the place he said to them: "Carry on prayer, that YOU do not enter into temptation." 41 And he himself drew away from them about a stone's throw, and bent his knees and began to pray, 42 saying: "Father, if you wish, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, let, not my will, but yours take place."

43 Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. 44 But getting into an agony he continued praying more earnestly; and his sweat became as drops of blood falling to the ground.

45 And he rose from prayer, went to the disciples and found them slumbering from grief; 46 and he said to them: "Why are YOU sleeping? Rise and carry on prayer, that YOU do not enter into temptation."

47 While he was yet speaking, look! a crowd, and the [man] called Judas, one of the twelve, was going before them; and he approached Jesus to kiss him. 48 But Jesus said to him: "Judas, do you betray the Son of man with a kiss?"

49 When those about him saw what was going to happen, they said: "Lord, shall we strike with the sword?" 50 A certain one of them even did strike the slave of the high priest and took off his right ear.

51 But in reply Jesus said: "LET it go as far as this." And he touched the ear and healed him. 52 Jesus then said to the chief priests and captains of the temple and older men that had come there for him: "Did YOU come out with swords and clubs as against a robber? 53 While I was with YOU in the temple day after day YOU did not stretch out YOUR hands against me. But this is YOUR hour and the authority of darkness."

54 Then they arrested him and led him off and brought him into the house of the high priest; but Peter was following at a distance. 55 When they lit a fire in the midst of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter was sitting in among them. 56 But a certain servant girl saw him sitting by the bright fire and looked him over and said: "This man also was with him." 57 But he denied it, saying: "I do not know him, woman." 58 And after a short time another person seeing him said: "You also are one of them." But Peter said: "Man, I am not." 59 And after about an hour intervened a certain other [man] began insisting strongly: "For a certainty this [man] also was with him; for, in fact, he is a Gal‧i‧le′an!" 60 But Peter said: "Man, I do not know what you are saying." And instantly, while he was yet speaking, a cock crowed. (This happend at dawn on Nisan 14)

61 And the Lord turned and looked upon Peter, and Peter recalled the utterance of the Lord when he said to him: "Before a cock crows today (on Nisan 14) you will disown me three times." 62 And he went outside and wept bitterly.

63 Now the men that had him in custody began to make fun of him, hitting him; 64 and after covering him over they would ask and say: "Prophesy. Who is it that struck you?" 65 And they went on saying many other things in blasphemy against him.

66 At length when it became day (the sun rise on Nisan 14), the assembly of older men of the people, both chief priests and scribes, gathered together, and they haled him into their San′he‧drin hall, saying: 67 "If you are the Christ, tell us." But he said to them: "Even if I told YOU, YOU would not believe it at all. 68 Moreover, if I questioned YOU, YOU would not answer at all.

69 However, from now on the Son of man will be sitting at the powerful right hand of God." 70 At this they all said: "Are you, therefore, the Son of God?" He said to them: "YOU yourselves are saying that I am." 71 They said: "Why do we need further witness? For we ourselves have heard [it] out of his own mouth."

1 So the multitude of them rose, one and all, and led him to Pilate. 2 Then they started to accuse him, saying: "This man we found subverting our nation and forbidding the paying of taxes to Caesar and saying he himself is Christ a king."

3 Now Pilate asked him the question: "Are you the king of the Jews?" In answer to him he said: "You yourself are saying [it]."

4 Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds: "I find no crime in this man." 5 But they began to be insistent, saying: "He stirs up the people by teaching throughout all Ju‧de′a, even starting out from Gal′i‧lee to here." 6 On hearing that, Pilate asked whether the man was a Gal‧i‧le′an, 7 and, after ascertaining that he was from the jurisdiction of Herod, he sent him on to Herod, who was also himself in Jerusalem in these days.

8 When Herod saw Jesus he rejoiced greatly, for over a considerable time he was wanting to see him because of having heard about him, and he was hoping to see some sign performed by him. 9 Now he began to question him with a good many words; but he made him no answer.

10 However, the chief priests and the scribes kept standing up and vehemently accusing him. 11 Then Herod together with his soldier guards discredited him, and he made fun of him by clothing him with a bright garment and sent him back to Pilate. 12 Both Herod and Pilate now became friends with each other on that very day; for before that they had continued at enmity between themselves.

13 Pilate then called the chief priests and the rulers and the people together 14 and said to them: "YOU brought this man to me as one inciting the people to revolt, and, look! I examined him in front of YOU but found in this man no ground for the charges YOU are bringing against him.

15 In fact, neither did Herod, for he sent him back to us; and, look! nothing deserving of death has been committed by him. 16 I will therefore chastise him and release him."

17 -- 18 But with their whole multitude they cried out, saying: "Take this one away, but release Bar‧ab′bas to us!" 19 (Which [man] had been thrown into prison for a certain sedition occurring in the city and for murder.)

20 Again Pilate called out to them, because he wanted to release Jesus. 21 Then they began to yell, saying: "Impale! Impale him!"

22 The third time he said to them: "Why, what bad thing did this [man] do? I found nothing deserving of death in him; I will therefore chastise and release him." 23 At this they began to be urgent, with loud voices, demanding that he be impaled; and their voices began to win out.

24 So Pilate gave sentence for their demand to be met: 25 he released the man that had been thrown into prison for sedition and murder and whom they were demanding, but he surrendered Jesus to their will.

26 Now as they led him away, they laid hold of Simon, a certain native of Cy‧re′ne, coming from the country, and they placed the torture stake upon him to bear it behind Jesus.

27 But there was following him a great multitude of the people and of women who kept beating themselves in grief and bewailing him. 28 Jesus turned to the women and said: "Daughters of Jerusalem, stop weeping for me. On the contrary, weep for yourselves and for YOUR children; 29 because, look! days are coming in which people will say, 'Happy are the barren women, and the wombs that did not give birth and the breasts that did not nurse!' 30 Then they will start to say to the mountains, 'Fall over us!' and to the hills, 'Cover us over!' 31 Because if they do these things when the tree is moist, what will occur when it is withered?"

32 But two other men, evildoers, were also being led to be executed with him. 33 And when they got to the place called Skull, there they impaled him (at 9:00 am on Nisan 14, Mr 15:25) and the evildoers, one on his right and one on his left.

34 [[But Jesus was saying: "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."]] Furthermore, to distribute his garments, they cast lots. 35 And the people stood looking on. But the rulers were sneering, saying: "Others he saved; let him save himself, if this one is the Christ of God, the Chosen One." 36 Even the soldiers made fun of him, coming close and offering him sour wine 37 and saying: "If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself."

38 There was also an inscription over him: "This is the king of the Jews."
39 But one of the hung evildoers began to say abusively to him: "You are the Christ, are you not? Save yourself and us."

40 In reply the other rebuked him and said: "Do you not fear God at all, now that you are in the same judgment? 41 And we, indeed, justly so, for we are receiving in full what we deserve for things we did; but this [man] did nothing out of the way." 42 And he went on to say: "Jesus, remember me when you get into your kingdom."

43 And he said to him: "Truly I tell you today, You will be with me in Paradise."

44 Well, by now it was about the sixth hour (12 noon on Nisan 14), and yet a darkness fell over all the earth until the ninth hour (15:00 pm), 45 because the sunlight failed; then the curtain of the sanctuary was rent down the middle.

46 And Jesus called with a loud voice and said: "Father, into your hands I entrust my spirit." When he had said this, he expired.

47 Because of seeing what occurred the army officer began to glorify God, saying: "Really this man was righteous."

48 And all the crowds that were gathered together there for this spectacle, when they beheld the things that occurred, began to return, beating their breasts. 49 Moreover, all those acquainted with him were standing at a distance. Also, women, who together had followed him from Gal′i‧lee, were standing beholding these things.

50 And, look! a man named Joseph, who was a member of the Council, a good and righteous man- 51 this [man] had not voted in support of their design and action-he was from Ar‧i‧ma‧the′a, a city of the Ju‧de′ans, and was waiting for the kingdom of God;

52 this man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 53 And he took it down and wrapped it up in fine linen, and he laid him in a tomb carved in the rock, in which no man had yet lain. 54 Now it was the day of Preparation (slaughtering passover lamb on Nisan 14), and the evening light of the sabbath (the first day of the festival of unfermented cakes beginning with the passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb on Nisan 15) was approaching.

55 But the women, who had come with him out of Gal′i‧lee, followed along and took a look at the memorial tomb and how his body was laid; 56 and they went back to prepare spices and perfumed oils. But, of course, they rested on the sabbath (on Nisan 15) according to the commandment.

1 On the first day of the week (on Nisan 16), however, they went very early to the tomb, bearing the spices they had prepared.

2 But they found the stone rolled away from the memorial tomb, 3 and when they entered they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. 4 While they were in perplexity over this, look! two men in flashing clothing stood by them. 5 As the [women] became frightened and kept their faces turned to the ground, the [men] said to them: "Why are YOU looking for the living One among the dead? 6 [[He is not here, but has been raised up.]] Recall how he spoke to YOU while he was yet in Gal′i‧lee, 7 saying that the Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be impaled and yet on the third day rise."

8 So they called his sayings to mind, 9 and they returned from the memorial tomb and reported all these things to the eleven and to all the rest. 10 They were the Mag′da‧lene Mary, and Jo‧an′na, and Mary the [mother] of James. Also, the rest of the women with them were telling the apostles these things. 11 However, these sayings appeared as nonsense to them and they would not believe the [women].

12 [[But Peter rose and ran to the memorial tomb, and, stooping forward, he beheld the bandages alone. So he went off, wondering within himself at what had occurred.]]

13 But, look! on that very day (on Nisan 16) two of them were journeying to a village about seven miles distant from Jerusalem [and] named Em‧ma′us, 14 and they were conversing with each other over all these things that had come about.

15 Now as they were conversing and discussing, Jesus himself approached and began walking with them; 16 but their eyes were kept from recognizing him. 17 He said to them: "What are these matters that YOU are debating between yourselves as YOU walk along?" And they stood still with sad faces. 18 In answer the one named Cle′o‧pas said to him: "Are you dwelling as an alien by yourself in Jerusalem and so do not know the things that have occurred in her in these days?"

19 And he said to them: "What things?" They said to him: "The things concerning Jesus the Naz‧a‧rene′, who became a prophet powerful in work and word before God and all the people; 20 and how our chief priests and rulers handed him over to the sentence of death and impaled him. 21 But we were hoping that this [man] was the one destined to deliver Israel; yes, and besides all these things, this makes the third day (from Nisan 14 to 16) since these things occurred.

22 Moreover, certain women from among us also astonished us, because they had been early to the memorial tomb 23 but did not find his body and they came saying they had also seen a supernatural sight of angels, who said he is alive. 24 Further, some of those with us went off to the memorial tomb; and they found it so, just as the women had said, but they did not see him."

25 So he said to them: "O senseless ones and slow in heart to believe on all the things the prophets spoke! 26 Was it not necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and to enter into his glory?" (Christ, to whom the reality belongs, had to fulfill all the things written in the Law and the prophets.)

27 And commencing at Moses and all the Prophets he interpreted to them things pertaining to himself in all the Scriptures.

28 Finally they got close to the village where they were journeying, and he made as if he was journeying on farther. 29 But they used pressure upon him, saying: "Stay with us, because it is toward evening and the day has already declined." With that he went in to stay with them. 30 And as he was reclining with them at the meal he took the loaf, blessed it, broke it and began to hand it to them. 31 At that their eyes were fully opened and they recognized him; and he disappeared from them.

32 And they said to each other: "Were not our hearts burning as he was speaking to us on the road, as he was fully opening up the Scriptures to us?" 33 And in that very hour they rose and returned to Jerusalem, and they found the eleven and those with them assembled together, 34 saying: "For a fact the Lord was raised up and he appeared to Simon!" 35 Now they themselves related the [events] on the road and how he became known to them by the breaking of the loaf.

36 While they were speaking of these things he himself stood in their midst [[and said to them: "May YOU have peace."]] 37 But because they were terrified, and had become frightened, they were imagining they beheld a spirit. 38 So he said to them: "Why are YOU troubled, and why is it doubts come up in YOUR hearts? 39 See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself; feel me and see, because a spirit does not have flesh and bones just as YOU behold that I have."

40 [[And as he said this he showed them his hands and his feet.]] 41 But while they were still not believing for sheer joy and were wondering, he said to them: "Do YOU have something there to eat?" 42 And they handed him a piece of broiled fish; 43 and he took it and ate it before their eyes.

44 He now said to them: "These are my words which I spoke to YOU while I was yet with YOU, that all the things written in the law of Moses and in the Prophets and Psalms about me must be fulfilled."

45 Then he opened up their minds fully to grasp the meaning of the Scriptures, 46 and he said to them: "In this way it is written that the Christ would suffer and rise from among the dead on the third day,

47 and on the basis of his name repentance for forgiveness of sins would be preached in all the nations-starting out from Jerusalem, 48 YOU are to be witnesses of these things. 49 And, look! I am sending forth upon YOU that which is promised by my Father. YOU, though, abide in the city until YOU become clothed with power from on high." (Jesus' sinless death and resurrection made it possible to validate the New Covenant to bring forth a new nation, the firstfruits of mankind, the congregation of the sons of kingdom, 50 days later at Pentecost on Sivan 6. Since then, God has dealt with all mankind to ingather the sons of the kingdom, the firstfruits of mankind, which called in providence Christian.)

50 But he led them out as far as Beth′a‧ny, and he lifted up his hands and blessed them. 51 As he was blessing them he was parted from them and began to be borne up to heaven. 52 And they did obeisance to him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. 53 And they were continually in the temple blessing God.

---

1 Accordingly Jesus, six days before the passover (Nisan 14-15), arrived at Beth′a‧ny, where Laz′a‧rus was whom Jesus had raised up from the dead. 2 Therefore they spread an evening meal for him there, and Martha was ministering, but Laz′a‧rus was one of those reclining at the table with him. 3 Mary, therefore, took a pound of perfumed oil, genuine nard, very costly, and she greased the feet of Jesus and wiped his feet dry with her hair. The house became filled with the scent of the perfumed oil. (Mt 26:6-7)

4 But Judas Is‧car′i‧ot, one of his disciples, who was about to betray him, said: 5 "Why was it this perfumed oil was not sold for three hundred de‧nar′i‧i and given to the poor people?" 6 He said this, though, not because he was concerned about the poor, but because he was a thief and had the money box and used to carry off the monies put in it. 7 Therefore Jesus said: "Let her alone, that she may keep this observance in view of the day of my burial. 8 For YOU have the poor always with YOU, but me YOU will not have always."

9 Therefore a great crowd of the Jews got to know he was there, and they came, not on account of Jesus only, but also to see Laz′a‧rus, whom he raised up from the dead. 10 The chief priests now took counsel to kill Laz′a‧rus also, 11 because on account of him many of the Jews were going there and putting faith in Jesus.

12 The next day the great crowd that had come to the festival (on Nisan 14-21, Passover-Unfermented Cakes), on hearing that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 13 took the branches of palm trees and went out to meet him. And they began to shout: "Save, we pray you! Blessed is he that comes in YHWH's name, even the king of Israel!" 14 But when Jesus had found a young ass, he sat on it, just as it is written: 15 "Have no fear, daughter of Zion. Look! Your king is coming, seated upon an ass's colt." 16 These things his disciples took no note of at first, but when Jesus became glorified, then they called to mind that these things were written respecting him and that they did these things to him. (Jesus fulfilled all the things written about the Messiah in the Hebrew scriptures.)

17 Accordingly the crowd that was with him when he called Laz′a‧rus out of the memorial tomb and raised him up from the dead kept bearing witness. 18 On this account the crowd, because they heard he had performed this sign, also met him.

19 Therefore the Pharisees said among themselves: "YOU observe YOU are getting absolutely nowhere. See! The world has gone after him."

20 Now there were some Greeks among those that came up to worship at the festival. 21 These, therefore, approached Philip who was from Beth‧sa′i‧da of Gal′i‧lee, and they began to request him, saying: "Sir, we want to see Jesus." 22 Philip came and told Andrew. Andrew and Philip came and told Jesus.

23 But Jesus answered them, saying:
"The hour has come for the Son of man to be glorified. 24 Most truly I say to YOU, Unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains just one [grain]; but if it dies, it then bears much fruit. (Jesus' sinless sacrificial death, which was about to take place, was to bear the fruit of many blessings for all mankind.)

25 He that is fond of his soul destroys it, but he that hates his soul in this world will safeguard it for everlasting life. 26 If anyone would minister to me, let him follow me, and where I am there my minister will be also. If anyone would minister to me, the Father will honor him.

27 Now my soul is troubled, and what shall I say? Father, save me out of this hour. Nevertheless, this is why I have come to this hour. 28 Father, glorify your name." Therefore a voice came out of heaven: "I both glorified [it] and will glorify [it] again."

29 Hence the crowd that stood about and heard it began to say that it had thundered. Others began to say: "An angel has spoken to him." 30 In answer Jesus said: "This voice has occurred, not for my sake, but for YOUR sakes.

31 Now there is a judging of this world; now the ruler of this world will be cast out.

32 And yet I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw men of all sorts to me. (After the New Covenant became effective with the resurrection of Jesus, God begins to deal with all mankind.)" 33 This he was really saying to signify what sort of death he was about to die.

34 Therefore the crowd answered him: "We heard from the Law that the Christ remains forever; and how is it you say that the Son of man must be lifted up? Who is this Son of man?"

35 Jesus therefore said to them:
"The light will be among YOU a little while longer. Walk while YOU have the light, so that darkness does not overpower YOU; and he that walks in the darkness does not know where he is going. 36 While YOU have the light, exercise faith in the light, in order to become sons of light."

Jesus spoke these things and went off and hid from them.

37 But although he had performed so many signs before them, they were not putting faith in him, 38 so that the word of Isaiah the prophet was fulfilled which he said: "YHWH, who has put faith in the thing heard by us? And as for the arm of YHWH, to whom has it been revealed?" 39 The reason why they were not able to believe is that again Isaiah said: 40 "He has blinded their eyes and he has made their hearts hard, that they should not see with their eyes and get the thought with their hearts and turn around and I should heal them." 41 Isaiah said these things because he saw his glory, and he spoke about him. (God knows human makeup through and through, so that he foretold precisely how sinners would react to the truth.)

42 All the same, many even of the rulers actually put faith in him, but because of the Pharisees they would not confess [him], in order not to be expelled from the synagogue; 43 for they loved the glory of men more than even the glory of God. (Sinners put their living first over the truth. Everybody has the tendency to give in to threat and peer pressure.)

44 However, Jesus cried out and said: "He that puts faith in me puts faith, not in me [only], but in him [also] that sent me; 45 and he that beholds me beholds [also] him that sent me. 46 I have come as a light into the world, in order that everyone putting faith in me may not remain in the darkness.

47 But if anyone hears my sayings and does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I came, not to judge the world, but to save the world.

48 He that disregards me and does not receive my sayings has one to judge him. The word that I have spoken is what will judge him in the last day;

49 because I have not spoken out of my own impulse, but the Father himself who sent me has given me a commandment as to what to tell and what to speak. 50 Also, I know that his commandment means everlasting life. Therefore the things I speak, just as the Father has told me [them], so I speak [them]." (Jesus' life was in perfect harmony with the Spirit of God and the Word of God.)

1 Now, because he knew before the festival of the passover (on Nisan 14 slaughtering the passover lamb and splashing its blood on the doorposts) that his hour had come for him to move out of this world to the Father, Jesus, having loved his own that were in the world, loved them to the end.

2 So, while the evening meal (this evening meal on Nisan 14 is not the passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb on Nisan 15 the first day of the festival of unfermented cakes) was going on, the Devil having already put it into the heart of Judas Is‧car′i‧ot, the son of Simon, to betray him,

3 he, knowing that the Father had given all things into [his] hands and that he came forth from God and was going to God, 4 got up from the evening meal (on Nisan 14) and laid aside his outer garments. And, taking a towel, he girded himself. 5 After that he put water into a basin and started to wash the feet of the disciples and to dry them off with the towel with which he was girded. 6 And so he came to Simon Peter. He said to him: "Lord, are you washing my feet?" 7 In answer Jesus said to him: "What I am doing you do not understand at present, but you will understand after these things." 8 Peter said to him: "You will certainly never wash my feet." Jesus answered him: "Unless I wash you, you have no part with me." 9 Simon Peter said to him: "Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head." 10 Jesus said to him: "He that has bathed does not need to have more than his feet washed, but is wholly clean. And YOU men are clean, but not all." 11 He knew, indeed, the man betraying him. This is why he said: "Not all of YOU are clean."

12 When, now, he had washed their feet and had put his outer garments on and laid himself down at the table again, he said to them: "Do YOU know what I have done to YOU? 13 YOU address me, 'Teacher,' and, 'Lord,' and YOU speak rightly, for I am such. 14 Therefore, if I, although Lord and Teacher, washed YOUR feet, YOU also ought to wash the feet of one another. 15 For I set the pattern for YOU, that, just as I did to YOU, YOU should do also.

16 Most truly I say to YOU, A slave is not greater than his master, nor is one that is sent forth greater than the one that sent him. 17 If YOU know these things, happy YOU are if YOU do them.

18 I am not talking about all of YOU; I know the ones I have chosen. But it is in order that the Scripture might be fulfilled, 'He that used to feed on my bread has lifted up his heel against me.' (God knows Satan's schemes so thoroughly that He predicted exactly what Satan would do to the seed of the woman.) 19 From this moment on I am telling YOU before it occurs, in order that when it does occur YOU may believe that I am [he]. 20 Most truly I say to YOU, He that receives anyone I send receives me [also]. In turn he that receives me, receives [also] him that sent me."

21 After saying these things, Jesus became troubled in spirit, and he bore witness and said: "Most truly I say to YOU, One of YOU will betray me."

22 The disciples began to look at one another, being at a loss as to which one he was saying [it] about. 23 There was reclining in front of Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, and Jesus loved him. 24 Therefore Simon Peter nodded to this one and said to him: "Tell who it is about whom he is saying [it]." 25 So the latter leaned back upon the breast of Jesus and said to him: "Lord, who is it?"

26 Therefore Jesus answered: "It is that one to whom I shall give the morsel that I dip." And so, having dipped the morsel, he took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Is‧car′i‧ot. 27 And after the morsel then Satan entered into the latter. Jesus, therefore, said to him: "What you are doing get done more quickly."

28 However, none of those reclining at the table knew for what purpose he said this to him. 29 Some, in fact, were imagining, since Judas was holding the money box, that Jesus was telling him: "Buy what things we need for the festival," or that he should give something to the poor. 30 Therefore, after he received the morsel, he went out immediately. And it was night. (on Nisan 14)

31 Hence when he had gone out, Jesus said: "Now the Son of man is glorified, and God is glorified in connection with him. 32 And God will himself glorify him, and he will glorify him immediately.

33 Little children, I am with YOU a little longer. YOU will look for me; and just as I said to the Jews, 'Where I go YOU cannot come,' I say also to YOU at present. 34 I am giving YOU a new commandment, that YOU love one another; just as I have loved YOU, that YOU also love one another. 35 By this all will know that YOU are my disciples, if YOU have love among yourselves."

36 Simon Peter said to him: "Lord, where are you going?" Jesus answered: "Where I am going you cannot follow me now, but you will follow afterwards." 37 Peter said to him: "Lord, why is it I cannot follow you at present? I will surrender my soul in your behalf." 38 Jesus answered: "Will you surrender your soul in my behalf? Most truly I say to you, A cock will by no means crow until you have disowned me three times."

1 "Do not let YOUR hearts be troubled. Exercise faith in God, exercise faith also in me. 2 In the house of my Father there are many abodes. Otherwise, I would have told YOU, because I am going my way to prepare a place for YOU. 3 Also, if I go my way and prepare a place for YOU, I am coming again and will receive YOU home to myself, that where I am YOU also may be. 4 And where I am going YOU know the way."

5 Thomas said to him: "Lord, we do not know where you are going. How do we know the way?"

6 Jesus said to him: "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. 7 If YOU men had known me, YOU would have known my Father also; from this moment on YOU know him and have seen him."

8 Philip said to him: "Lord, show us the Father, and it is enough for us."
9 Jesus said to him: "Have I been with YOU men so long a time, and yet, Philip, you have not come to know me? He that has seen me has seen the Father [also]. How is it you say, 'Show us the Father'? 10 Do you not believe that I am in union with the Father and the Father is in union with me? The things I say to YOU men I do not speak of my own originality; but the Father who remains in union with me is doing his works.

11 Believe me that I am in union with the Father and the Father is in union with me; otherwise, believe on account of the works themselves. 12 Most truly I say to YOU, He that exercises faith in me, that one also will do the works that I do; and he will do works greater than these, because I am going my way to the Father. 13 Also, whatever it is that YOU ask in my name, I will do this, in order that the Father may be glorified in connection with the Son. 14 If YOU ask anything in my name, I will do it.

15 "If YOU love me, YOU will observe my commandments; 16 and I will request the Father and he will give YOU another helper to be with YOU forever, 17 the spirit of the truth, which the world cannot receive, because it neither beholds it nor knows it. YOU know it, because it remains with YOU and is in YOU.

18 I shall not leave YOU bereaved. I am coming to YOU. 19 A little longer and the world will behold me no more, but YOU will behold me, because I live and YOU will live. 20 In that day YOU will know that I am in union with my Father and YOU are in union with me and I am in union with YOU.

21 He that has my commandments and observes them, that one is he who loves me. In turn he that loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and will plainly show myself to him."

22 Judas, not Is‧car′i‧ot, said to him: "Lord, what has happened that you intend to show yourself plainly to us and not to the world?"

23 In answer Jesus said to him: "If anyone loves me, he will observe my word, and my Father will love him, and we shall come to him and make our abode with him. 24 He that does not love me does not observe my words; and the word that YOU are hearing is not mine, but belongs to the Father who sent me.

25 "While remaining with YOU I have spoken these things to YOU. 26 But the helper, the holy spirit, which the Father will send in my name, that one will teach YOU all things and bring back to YOUR minds all the things I told YOU. (The sons of the kingdom will be taught by the Holy Spirit sent by YHWH and Christ, not religious leaders, and religious organizations.)

27 I leave YOU peace, I give YOU my peace. I do not give it to YOU the way that the world gives it. Do not let YOUR hearts be troubled nor let them shrink for fear.

28 YOU heard that I said to YOU, I am going away and I am coming [back] to YOU. If YOU loved me, YOU would rejoice that I am going my way to the Father, because the Father is greater than I am.

29 So now I have told YOU before it occurs, in order that, when it does occur, YOU may believe. 30 I shall not speak much with YOU anymore, for the ruler of the world is coming. And he has no hold on me, 31 but, in order for the world to know that I love the Father, even as the Father has given me commandment [to do], so I am doing. Get up, let us go from here.

1 "I am the true vine, and my Father is the cultivator. 2 Every branch in me not bearing fruit he takes away, and every one bearing fruit he cleans, that it may bear more fruit.

3 YOU are already clean because of the word that I have spoken to YOU. 4 Remain in union with me, and I in union with YOU. Just as the branch cannot bear fruit of itself unless it remains in the vine, in the same way neither can YOU, unless YOU remain in union with me. 5 I am the vine, YOU are the branches. He that remains in union with me, and I in union with him, this one bears much fruit; because apart from me YOU can do nothing at all.

6 If anyone does not remain in union with me, he is cast out as a branch and is dried up; and men gather those branches up and pitch them into the fire and they are burned. 7 If YOU remain in union with me and my sayings remain in YOU, ask whatever YOU wish and it will take place for YOU.

8 My Father is glorified in this, that YOU keep bearing much fruit and prove yourselves my disciples. 9 Just as the Father has loved me and I have loved YOU, remain in my love. 10 If YOU observe my commandments, YOU will remain in my love, just as I have observed the commandments of the Father and remain in his love.

11 "These things I have spoken to YOU, that my joy may be in YOU and YOUR joy may be made full. 12 This is my commandment, that YOU love one another just as I have loved YOU. 13 No one has love greater than this, that someone should surrender his soul in behalf of his friends.

14 YOU are my friends if YOU do what I am commanding YOU. 15 I no longer call YOU slaves, because a slave does not know what his master does. But I have called YOU friends, because all the things I have heard from my Father I have made known to YOU.

16 YOU did not choose me, but I chose YOU, and I appointed YOU to go on and keep bearing fruit and that YOUR fruit should remain; in order that no matter what YOU ask the Father in my name he might give it to YOU.

17 "These things I command YOU, that YOU love one another. 18 If the world hates YOU, YOU know that it has hated me before it hated YOU. 19 If YOU were part of the world, the world would be fond of what is its own. Now because YOU are no part of the world, but I have chosen YOU out of the world, on this account the world hates YOU.

20 Bear in mind the word I said to YOU, A slave is not greater than his master. If they have persecuted me, they will persecute YOU also; if they have observed my word, they will observe YOURS also.

21 But they will do all these things against YOU on account of my name, because they do not know him that sent me. 22 If I had not come and spoken to them, they would have no sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin. 23 He that hates me hates also my Father. 24 If I had not done among them the works that no one else did, they would have no sin; but now they have both seen and hated me as well as my Father.

25 But it is that the word written in their Law may be fulfilled, 'They hated me without cause.' 26 When the helper arrives that I will send YOU from the Father, the spirit of the truth, which proceeds from the Father, that one will bear witness about me; 27 and YOU, in turn, are to bear witness, because YOU have been with me from when I began.

1 "I have spoken these things to YOU that YOU may not be stumbled. 2 Men will expel YOU from the synagogue. In fact, the hour is coming when everyone that kills YOU will imagine he has rendered a sacred service to God.

3 But they will do these things because they have not come to know either the Father or me. 4 Nevertheless, I have spoken these things to YOU that, when the hour for them arrives, YOU may remember I told them to YOU. "These things, however, I did not tell YOU at first, because I was with YOU.

5 But now I am going to him that sent me, and yet not one of YOU asks me, 'Where are you going?' 6 But because I have spoken these things to YOU grief has filled YOUR hearts. 7 Nevertheless, I am telling YOU the truth, It is for YOUR benefit I am going away. For if I do not go away, the helper will by no means come to YOU; but if I do go my way, I will send him to YOU.

8 And when that one arrives he will give the world convincing evidence concerning sin and concerning righteousness and concerning judgment: (sin, righteousness, judgment are the core teaching of Christ)

9 in the first place, concerning sin, because they are not exercising faith in me; 10 then concerning righteousness, because I am going to the Father and YOU will behold me no longer; 11 then concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged.

12 "I have many things yet to say to YOU, but YOU are not able to bear them at present. 13 However, when that one arrives, the spirit of the truth, he will guide YOU into all the truth, for he will not speak of his own impulse, but what things he hears he will speak, and he will declare to YOU the things coming.

14 That one will glorify me, because he will receive from what is mine and will declare it to YOU. 15 All the things that the Father has are mine. That is why I said he receives from what is mine and declares [it] to YOU. 16 In a little while YOU will behold me no longer, and, again, in a little while YOU will see me."

17 Therefore some of his disciples said to one another: "What does this mean that he says to us, 'In a little while YOU will not behold me, and, again, in a little while YOU will see me,' and, 'because I am going to the Father'?"

18 Hence they were saying: "What does this mean that he says, 'a little while'? We do not know what he is talking about." 19 Jesus knew they were wanting to question him, so he said to them: "Are YOU inquiring among yourselves over this, because I said, In a little while YOU will not behold me, and, again, in a little while YOU will see me?

20 Most truly I say to YOU, YOU will weep and wail, but the world will rejoice; YOU will be grieved, but YOUR grief will be turned into joy. 21 A woman, when she is giving birth, has grief, because her hour has arrived; but when she has brought forth the young child, she remembers the tribulation no more because of the joy that a man has been born into the world.

22 YOU also, therefore, are now, indeed, having grief; but I shall see YOU again and YOUR hearts will rejoice, and YOUR joy no one will take from YOU. 23 And in that day YOU will ask me no question at all. Most truly I say to YOU, If YOU ask the Father for anything he will give it to YOU in my name. 24 Until this present time YOU have not asked a single thing in my name. Ask and YOU will receive, that YOUR joy may be made full.

25 "I have spoken these things to YOU in comparisons. The hour is coming when I will speak to YOU no more in comparisons, but I will report to YOU with plainness concerning the Father. 26 In that day YOU will ask in my name, and I do not say to YOU that I shall make request of the Father concerning YOU. 27 For the Father himself has affection for YOU, because YOU have had affection for me and have believed that I came out as the Father's representative. 28 I came out from the Father and have come into the world. Further, I am leaving the world and am going my way to the Father."

29 His disciples said: "See! Now you are speaking with plainness, and are uttering no comparison. 30 Now we know that you know all things and you do not need to have anyone question you. By this we believe that you came out from God."

31 Jesus answered them: "Do YOU believe at present? 32 Look! The hour is coming, indeed, it has come, when YOU will be scattered each one to his own house and YOU will leave me alone; and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with me. 33 I have said these things to YOU that by means of me YOU may have peace. In the world YOU are having tribulation, but take courage! I have conquered the world."

1 Jesus spoke these things, and, raising his eyes to heaven, he said: "Father, the hour has come; glorify your son, that your son may glorify you, 2 according as you have given him authority over all flesh, that, as regards the whole [number] whom you have given him, he may give them everlasting life.

3 This means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you, the only true God, and of the one whom you sent forth, Jesus Christ.

4 I have glorified you on the earth, having finished the work you have given me to do. 5 So now you, Father, glorify me alongside yourself with the glory that I had alongside you before the world was.

6 "I have made your name manifest to the men you gave me out of the world. They were yours, and you gave them to me, and they have observed your word. 7 They have now come to know that all the things you gave me are from you; 8 because the sayings that you gave me I have given to them, and they have received them and have certainly come to know that I came out as your representative, and they have believed that you sent me forth. 9 I make request concerning them; I make request, not concerning the world, but concerning those you have given me; because they are yours, 10 and all my things are yours and yours are mine, and I have been glorified among them.

11 "Also, I am no longer in the world, but they are in the world and I am coming to you. Holy Father, watch over them on account of your own name which you have given me, in order that they may be one just as we are. 12 When I was with them I used to watch over them on account of your own name which you have given me; and I have kept them, and not one of them is destroyed except the son of destruction, in order that the scripture might be fulfilled. (This statement shows that Jesus was conscious of fulfilling the things concerning the Messiah.) 13 But now I am coming to you, and I am speaking these things in the world in order that they may have my joy in themselves to the full. 14 I have given your word to them, but the world has hated them, because they are no part of the world, just as I am no part of the world.

15 "I request you, not to take them out of the world, but to watch over them because of the wicked one. 16 They are no part of the world, just as I am no part of the world.

17 Sanctify them by means of the truth; your word is truth. 18 Just as you sent me forth into the world, I also sent them forth into the world. 19 And I am sanctifying myself in their behalf, that they also may be sanctified by means of truth.

20 "I make request, not concerning these only, but also concerning those putting faith in me through their word; 21 in order that they may all be one, just as you, Father, are in union with me and I am in union with you, that they also may be in union with us, in order that the world may believe that you sent me forth.

22 Also, I have given them the glory that you have given me, in order that they may be one just as we are one. 23 I in union with them and you in union with me, in order that they may be perfected into one, that the world may have the knowledge that you sent me forth and that you loved them just as you loved me.

24 Father, as to what you have given me, I wish that, where I am, they also may be with me, in order to behold my glory that you have given me, because you loved me before the founding of the world. 25 Righteous Father, the world has, indeed, not come to know you; but I have come to know you, and these have come to know that you sent me forth. 26 And I have made your name known to them and will make it known, in order that the love with which you loved me may be in them and I in union with them."

1 Having said these things, Jesus went out with his disciples across the winter torrent of Kid′ron to where there was a garden, and he and his disciples entered into it. 2 Now Judas, his betrayer, also knew the place, because Jesus had many times met there with his disciples. 3 Therefore Judas took the soldier band and officers of the chief priests and of the Pharisees and came there with torches and lamps and weapons. 4 Jesus, therefore, knowing all the things coming upon him, went forth and said to them: "Whom are YOU looking for?" 5 They answered him: "Jesus the Naz‧a‧rene′." He said to them: "I am [he]." Now Judas, his betrayer, was also standing with them.

6 However, when he said to them: "I am [he]," they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 Therefore he asked them again: "Whom are YOU looking for?" They said: "Jesus the Naz‧a‧rene′." 8 Jesus answered: "I told YOU I am [he]. If, therefore, it is I YOU are looking for, let these go"; 9 in order that the word might be fulfilled which he said: "Of those whom you have given me I have not lost a single one." (Jesus was acting to fulfill what the Bible says about him.)

10 Then Simon Peter, as he had a sword, drew it and struck the slave of the high priest and cut his right ear off. The name of the slave was Malchus. 11 Jesus, however, said to Peter: "Put the sword into [its] sheath. The cup that the Father has given me, should I not by all means drink it?"

12 Then the soldier band and the military commander and the officers of the Jews seized Jesus and bound him, 13 and they led him first to An′nas; for he was father-in-law to Ca′ia‧phas, who was high priest that year. 14 Ca′ia‧phas was, in fact, the one that counseled the Jews that it was to their benefit for one man to die in behalf of the people.

15 Now Simon Peter as well as another disciple was following Jesus. That disciple was known to the high priest, and he went in with Jesus into the courtyard of the high priest, 16 but Peter was standing outside at the door. Therefore the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the doorkeeper and brought Peter in.

17 The servant girl, the doorkeeper, then said to Peter: "You are not also one of this man's disciples, are you?" He said: "I am not." 18 Now the slaves and the officers were standing about, as they had built a charcoal fire, because it was cold, and they were warming themselves. Peter also was standing with them and warming himself.

19 And so the chief priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and about his teaching. 20 Jesus answered him: "I have spoken to the world publicly. I always taught in a synagogue and in the temple, where all the Jews come together; and I spoke nothing in secret. 21 Why do you question me? Question those who have heard what I spoke to them. See! These know what I said."

22 After he said these things, one of the officers that was standing by gave Jesus a slap in the face and said: "Is that the way you answer the chief priest?" 23 Jesus answered him: "If I spoke wrongly, bear witness concerning the wrong; but if rightly, why do you hit me?"

24 Then An′nas sent him away bound to Ca′ia‧phas the high priest. 25 Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. Then they said to him: "You are not also one of his disciples, are you?" He denied it and said: "I am not." 26 One of the slaves of the high priest, being a relative of the man whose ear Peter cut off, said: "I saw you in the garden with him, did I not?" 27 However, Peter denied it again; and immediately a cock crowed. (This is near the dawn on Nisan 14)

28 Then they led Jesus from Ca′ia‧phas to the governor's palace. It was now early in the day (at dawn on Nisan 14, Mr 15:1). But they themselves did not enter into the governor's palace, that they might not get defiled but might eat the passover (the passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb on Nisan 15, the first day of the festival of the unfermented cakes).

29 Therefore Pilate came outside to them and said: "What accusation do YOU bring against this man?" 30 In answer they said to him: "If this man were not a wrongdoer, we would not have delivered him up to you." 31 Hence Pilate said to them: "Take him yourselves and judge him according to YOUR law." The Jews said to him: "It is not lawful for us to kill anyone." 32 This, in order that the word of Jesus might be fulfilled which he said to signify what sort of death he was destined to die. (Whatever destined by God will surely be fulfilled. There is the enmity between the seed of the serpent and the seed of the woman.)

33 So Pilate entered into the governor's palace again and called Jesus and said to him: "Are you the king of the Jews?" 34 Jesus answered: "Is it of your own originality that you say this, or did others tell you about me?" 35 Pilate answered: "I am not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests delivered you up to me. What did you do?"

36 Jesus answered: "My kingdom is no part of this world. If my kingdom were part of this world, my attendants would have fought that I should not be delivered up to the Jews. But, as it is, my kingdom is not from this source." (As shown here, Jesus does not have earthly organization or state power of any kind, political, religious.)

37 Therefore Pilate said to him: "Well, then, are you a king?" Jesus answered: "You yourself are saying that I am a king. For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. Everyone that is on the side of the truth listens to my voice." 38 Pilate said to him: "What is truth?"

And after saying this, he went out again to the Jews and said to them: "I find no fault in him. 39 Moreover, YOU have a custom that I should release a man to YOU at the passover (the first day of the festival of the unfermented cakes on Nisan 15 which begins at the sun down. And Nisan 15 begins at the sun down of this day of Nisan 14). Do YOU, therefore, wish me to release to YOU the king of the Jews?" 40 Then they shouted again, saying: "Not this man, but Bar‧ab′bas!" Now Bar‧ab′bas was a robber.

1 At that time, therefore, Pilate took Jesus and scourged him. 2 And the soldiers braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head and arrayed him with a purple outer garment; 3 and they began coming up to him and saying: "Good day, you King of the Jews!" Also, they would give him slaps in the face.

4 And Pilate went outside again and said to them: "See! I bring him outside to YOU in order for YOU to know I find no fault in him." 5 Accordingly Jesus came outside, wearing the thorny crown and the purple outer garment. And he said to them: "Look! The man!"

6 However, when the chief priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, saying: "Impale [him]! Impale [him]!" Pilate said to them: "Take him yourselves and impale him, for I do not find any fault in him." 7 The Jews answered him: "We have a law, and according to the law he ought to die, because he made himself God's son."

8 When, therefore, Pilate heard this saying, he became more fearful; 9 and he entered into the governor's palace again and said to Jesus: "Where are you from?" But Jesus gave him no answer. 10 Hence Pilate said to him: "Are you not speaking to me? Do you not know I have authority to release you and I have authority to impale you?" 11 Jesus answered him: "You would have no authority at all against me unless it had been granted to you from above. This is why the man that handed me over to you has greater sin."

12 For this reason Pilate kept on seeking how to release him. But the Jews shouted, saying: "If you release this [man], you are not a friend of Caesar. Every man making himself a king speaks against Caesar."

13 Therefore Pilate, after hearing these words, brought Jesus outside, and he sat down on a judgment seat in a place called The Stone Pavement, but, in Hebrew, Gab′ba‧tha. 14 Now it was preparation of the passover (sacrificing the passover lamb toward twilight on Nisan 14); it was about the sixth hour (6 am in the Roman time, 12 noon in the Jewish time, see Mr 15:25). And he said to the Jews: "See! YOUR king!"

15 However, they shouted: "Take [him] away! Take [him] away! Impale him!" Pilate said to them: "Shall I impale YOUR king?" The chief priests answered: "We have no king but Caesar." 16 At that time, therefore, he handed him over to them to be impaled.

Then they took charge of Jesus. 17 And, bearing the torture stake for himself, he went out to the so-called Skull Place, which is called Gol′go‧tha in Hebrew; 18 and there they impaled him (at 9:00 am on Nisan 14, Mr 15:25), and two other [men] with him, one on this side and one on that, but Jesus in the middle.

19 Pilate wrote a title also and put it on the torture stake. It was written: "Jesus the Naz‧a‧rene′ the King of the Jews." 20 Therefore many of the Jews read this title, because the place where Jesus was impaled was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, in Greek.

21 However, the chief priests of the Jews began to say to Pilate: "Do not write 'The King of the Jews,' but that he said, 'I am King of the Jews.'" 22 Pilate answered: "What I have written I have written."

23 Now when the soldiers had impaled Jesus, they took his outer garments and made four parts, for each soldier a part, and the inner garment. But the inner garment was without a seam, being woven from the top throughout its length. 24 Therefore they said to one another: "Let us not tear it, but let us determine by lots over it whose it will be." This was that the scripture might be fulfilled: "They apportioned my outer garments among themselves, and upon my apparel they cast lots." And so the soldiers really did these things. (This event shows that God can make it happen whatever he preplanned. So, we are assured that all the blessings he promised for Adam's offsprings will come true, without fail, even in Satan's hostility.)

25 By the torture stake of Jesus, however, there were standing his mother and the sister of his mother; Mary the wife of Clo′pas, and Mary Mag′da‧lene. 26 Therefore Jesus, seeing his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing by, said to his mother: "Woman, see! Your son!" 27 Next he said to the disciple: "See! Your mother!" And from that hour on the disciple took her to his own home.

28 After this, when Jesus knew that by now all things had been accomplished, in order that the scripture might be accomplished he said: "I am thirsty." 29 A vessel was sitting there full of sour wine. Therefore they put a sponge full of the sour wine upon a hyssop [stalk] and brought it to his mouth. 30 When, now, he had received the sour wine, Jesus said: "It has been accomplished!" and, bowing his head, he delivered up [his] spirit. (Jesus died around at 15:00 pm on Nisan 14.)

31 Then the Jews, since it was Preparation (slaughtering lamb on Nisan 14), in order that the bodies might not remain upon the torture stakes on the Sabbath (for the day of that Sabbath was a great one), (Nisan 15 in 33CE was the weekly and seasonally, that is, double Sabbath. The first day of the festival of the unfermented cakes on Nisan 15 beginning with the Passover meal of unfermented cakes and roasted lamb.), requested Pilate to have their legs broken and the [bodies] taken away.

32 The soldiers came, therefore, and broke the legs of the first [man] and those of the other [man] that had been impaled with him. 33 But on coming to Jesus, as they saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. 34 Yet one of the soldiers jabbed his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.

35 And he that has seen [it] has borne witness, and his witness is true, and that man knows he tells true things, in order that YOU also may believe. 36 In fact, these things took place in order for the scripture to be fulfilled: "Not a bone of his will be crushed." 37 And, again, a different scripture says: "They will look to the One whom they pierced." (God operates everything to fulfill his will.)

38 Now after these things Joseph from Ar‧i‧ma‧the′a, who was a disciple of Jesus but a secret one out of [his] fear of the Jews, requested Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. Therefore he came and took his body away. 39 Nic‧o‧de′mus also, the man that came to him in the night the first time, came bringing a roll of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds [of it]. 40 So they took the body of Jesus and bound it up with bandages with the spices, just the way the Jews have the custom of preparing for burial. 41 Incidentally, at the place where he was impaled there was a garden, and in the garden a new memorial tomb, in which no one had ever yet been laid. 42 There, then, on account of the preparation (slaughtering the passover lamb toward evening on Nisan 14 for the passover meal on Nisan 15) of the Jews, they laid Jesus, because the memorial tomb was nearby.

1 On the first day of the week (on Nisan 16) Mary Mag′da‧lene came to the memorial tomb early, while there was still darkness, and she beheld the stone already taken away from the memorial tomb. 2 Therefore she ran and came to Simon Peter and to the other disciple, for whom Jesus had affection, and she said to them: "They have taken away the Lord out of the memorial tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him."

3 Then Peter and the other disciple went out and started for the memorial tomb. 4 Yes, the two together began to run; but the other disciple ran ahead of Peter with greater speed and reached the memorial tomb first. 5 And, stooping forward, he beheld the bandages lying, yet he did not go in.

6 Then Simon Peter also came following him, and he entered into the memorial tomb. And he viewed the bandages lying, 7 also the cloth that had been upon his head not lying with the bandages but separately rolled up in one place.

8 At that time, therefore, the other disciple who had reached the memorial tomb first also went in, and he saw and believed.

9 For they did not yet discern the scripture that he must rise from the dead. 10 And so the disciples went back to their homes. (The understanding of some scriptures will be given after these happened, not beforehand.)

11 Mary, however, kept standing outside near the memorial tomb, weeping. Then, while she was weeping, she stooped forward to look into the memorial tomb 12 and she viewed two angels in white sitting one at the head and one at the feet where the body of Jesus had been lying.

13 And they said to her: "Woman, why are you weeping?" She said to them: "They have taken my Lord away, and I do not know where they have laid him." 14 After saying these things, she turned back and viewed Jesus standing, but she did not discern it was Jesus.

15 Jesus said to her: "Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you looking for?" She, imagining it was the gardener, said to him: "Sir, if you have carried him off, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away."

16 Jesus said to her: "Mary!" Upon turning around, she said to him, in Hebrew: "Rab‧bo′ni!" (which means "Teacher!")

17 Jesus said to her: "Stop clinging to me. For I have not yet ascended to the Father. But be on your way to my brothers and say to them, 'I am ascending to my Father and YOUR Father and to my God and YOUR God.'"

18 Mary Mag′da‧lene came and brought the news to the disciples: "I have seen the Lord!" and that he said these things to her.

19 Therefore, when it was late on that day, the first of the week (on Nisan 16), and, although the doors were locked where the disciples were for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them: "May YOU have peace."

20 And after he said this he showed them both his hands and his side. Then the disciples rejoiced at seeing the Lord. 21 Jesus, therefore, said to them again: "May YOU have peace. Just as the Father has sent me forth, I also am sending YOU." 22 And after he said this he blew upon them and said to them: "Receive holy spirit. 23 If YOU forgive the sins of any persons, they stand forgiven to them; if YOU retain those of any persons, they stand retained."

24 But Thomas, one of the twelve, who was called The Twin, was not with them when Jesus came. 25 Consequently the other disciples would say to him: "We have seen the Lord!" But he said to them: "Unless I see in his hands the print of the nails and stick my finger into the print of the nails and stick my hand into his side, I will certainly not believe."

26 Well, eight days later (on Nisan 24) his disciples were again indoors, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, although the doors were locked, and he stood in their midst and said: "May YOU have peace." 27 Next he said to Thomas: "Put your finger here, and see my hands, and take your hand and stick it into my side, and stop being unbelieving but become believing." 28 In answer Thomas said to him: "My Lord and my God!"

29 Jesus said to him: "Because you have seen me have you believed? Happy are those who do not see and yet believe."

30 To be sure, Jesus performed many other signs also before the disciples, which are not written down in this scroll. 31 But these have been written down that YOU may believe that Jesus is the Christ the Son of God, and that, because of believing, YOU may have life by means of his name.

1 After these things Jesus manifested himself again to the disciples at the sea of Ti‧be′ri‧as; but he made the manifestation in this way. 2 There were in company Simon Peter and Thomas, who was called The Twin, and Na‧than′a‧el from Ca′na of Gal′i‧lee and the sons of Zeb′e‧dee and two others of his disciples. 3 Simon Peter said to them: "I am going fishing." They said to him: "We also are coming with you." Out they went and got aboard the boat, but during that night they caught nothing.

4 However, just as it was getting to be morning, Jesus stood on the beach, but the disciples did not, of course, discern that it was Jesus. 5 Then Jesus said to them: "Young children, YOU do not have anything to eat, do YOU?" They answered "No!" to him. 6 He said to them: "Cast the net on the right side of the boat and YOU will find [some]." Then they cast it, but they were no longer able to draw it in because of the multitude of the fishes.

7 Therefore that disciple whom Jesus used to love said to Peter: "It is the Lord!" Hence Simon Peter, upon hearing that it was the Lord, girded about himself his top garment, for he was naked, and plunged into the sea. 8 But the other disciples came in the little boat, for they were not a long way from land, only about three hundred feet away, dragging the net of fishes.

9 However, when they disembarked onto land they beheld lying there a charcoal fire and fish lying upon it and bread. 10 Jesus said to them: "Bring some of the fish YOU just now caught." 11 Simon Peter, therefore, went on board and drew the net to land full of big fishes, one hundred and fifty-three (153) of them. But although there were so many the net did not burst.

12 Jesus said to them: "Come, take YOUR breakfast." Not one of the disciples had the courage to inquire of him: "Who are you?" because they knew it was the Lord. 13 Jesus came and took the bread and gave it to them, and the fish likewise. 14 This was now the third (3rd) time that Jesus appeared to the disciples after his being raised up from the dead.

15 When, now, they had breakfasted, Jesus said to Simon Peter: "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" He said to him: "Yes, Lord, you know I have affection for you." He said to him: "Feed my lambs." 16 Again he said to him, a second time: "Simon son of John, do you love me?" He said to him: "Yes, Lord, you know I have affection for you." He said to him: "Shepherd my little sheep." 17 He said to him the third time: "Simon son of John, do you have affection for me?" Peter became grieved that he said to him the third time: "Do you have affection for me?" So he said to him: "Lord, you know all things; you are aware that I have affection for you." Jesus said to him: "Feed my little sheep.

18 Most truly I say to you, When you were younger, you used to gird yourself and walk about where you wanted. But when you grow old you will stretch out your hands and another [man] will gird you and bear you where you do not wish." 19 This he said to signify by what sort of death he would glorify God. So, when he had said this, he said to him: "Continue following me."

20 Upon turning about Peter saw the disciple whom Jesus used to love following, the one who at the evening meal had also leaned back upon his breast and said: "Lord, who is the one betraying you?" 21 Accordingly, when he caught sight of him, Peter said to Jesus: "Lord, what will this [man do]?" 22 Jesus said to him: "If it is my will for him to remain until I come, of what concern is that to you? You continue following me." (The sons of the kingdom are to follow their Lord individually, not as organized in the pyramid system on earth.)

23 In consequence, this saying went out among the brothers, that that disciple would not die. However, Jesus did not say to him that he would not die, but: "If it is my will for him to remain until I come, of what concern is that to you?"

24 This is the disciple that bears witness about these things and that wrote these things, and we know that the witness he gives is true.

25 There are, in fact, many other things also which Jesus did, which, if ever they were written in full detail, I suppose, the world itself could not contain the scrolls written.

---